ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2023
Cognitive impairment in people living with HIV: consensus recommendations for a new approach.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Memory Functions in Persons with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors for HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment and frailty in aging people with HIV in Latin America: a systematic review.BMC neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Development of research on HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder and emerging trends: a visualization analysis via CiteSpace.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical and behavioral predictors of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder among people with HIV who use substances: a secondary analysis of the HOPE trial.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Trial
- Antiretroviral Therapy Intensification With Dolutegravir and/or Maraviroc Did Not Affect HIV-1 Cell-Associated DNA, RNA, and 2--LTR Circles Over 12 Weeks.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- The Effects of High-Dose Probiotic Supplementation on Immune Activation and Neurocognitive Disorders in People Living with HIV Undergoing Successful Antiretroviral Treatment: The Procog Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Trial
- Serum and CSF biomarkers in asymptomatic patients during primary HIV infection: a randomized study.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Trial
- HAND in Africa: prevalence, diagnostic challenges and the search for objective markers.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- The GrimAge clock corresponds to brain ageing and social determinants of health in people with HIV.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Increased Amyloidogenic Neuronal Injury in HIV-1-infected APP-KI Alzheimer's disease mice.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Implications of HIV persistence and pathogenesis in microglia.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- Exploring the potential of cognitive intra-individual variability in HIV care and research in adults with HIV: a concept analysis.Applied neuropsychology. Adult · 2026Review
- The brain as an HIV reservoir: Recent findings using autopsy tissues from people with HIV.PLoS pathogens · 2026Review
- Cognitive and sensorimotor impairments in virally suppressed people with and without HIV in Uganda: Associations with neurofilament light chain as a biomarker of neuronal injury.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Article
- HIV Reservoirs in Brain parenchyma and Cerebrospinal Fluid During Suppressive ART: Same-Same or Very Different?Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Central Nervous System HIV Persistence and Clinical Consequences During Suppressive ART.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Uncovering gaps in HIV care in belgium through patient reported outcome measures and neurocognitive screening.Discover mental health · 2026Article
- Cognitive and fine motor performance in people above 65 years of age with and without HIV.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of IHDS and MoCA in screening for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders among adults living with HIV in Ethiopia.International journal of mental health systems · 2026Article
- Smoldering in the sanctuary: HIV-associated brain injury in the ART era.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 15 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Current approaches to classifying cognitive impairment in people living with HIV can overestimate disease burden and lead to ambiguity around disease mechanisms. The 2007 criteria for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), sometimes called the Frascati criteria, can falsely classify over 20% of cognitively healthy individuals as having cognitive impairment. Minimum criteria for HAND are met on the basis of performance on cognitive tests alone, which might not be appropriate for populations with diverse educational and socioeconomic backgrounds. Imprecise phenotyping of cognitive impairment can limit mechanistic research, biomarker discovery and treatment trials. Importantly, overestimation of cognitive impairment carries the risk of creating fear among people living with HIV and worsening stigma and discrimination towards these individuals. To address this issue, we established the International HIV-Cognition Working Group, which is globally representative and involves the community of people living with HIV. We reached consensus on six recommendations towards a new approach for diagnosis and classification of cognitive impairment in people living with HIV, intended to focus discussion and debate going forward. We propose the conceptual separation of HIV-associated brain injury - including active or pretreatment legacy damage - from other causes of brain injury occurring in people living with HIV. We suggest moving away from a quantitative neuropsychological approach towards an emphasis on clinical context. Our recommendations are intended to better represent the changing profile of cognitive impairment in people living with HIV in diverse global settings and to provide a clearer framework of classification for clinical management and research studies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.