SynthesisEuropace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology2023
Burden of mood symptoms and disorders in implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 39 954 patients.
Synthesis in Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Depression and anxiety disorders in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing a pulmonary vein isolation: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Psychometric Performance of Florida Patient Acceptance Survey in Danish Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Patients.Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE · 2025Trial
- Article
- The Information Needs and Experiences of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Caregivers: A Qualitative Analysis of Social Media Data.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2026Article
- Device-related events do not alter long-term psychological distress after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation: A 24-month prospective cohort study.Heart rhythm O2 · 2026Article
- "Once Shocked, Twice Shy": A case of post-traumatic stress disorder after a single inappropriate ICD shock.HeartRhythm case reports · 2026Article
- Mental Disorders After Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Implantation in Young Individuals.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- At the Intersection of Psychiatry and Cardiology: Assessment of Depressive, Anxiety and Cognitive Disorders in Patients Before and After the Implantation of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Determinants of Patients' Intention to Use Remote Monitoring Service for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: An Extended Technology Acceptance Model Study in Taiwan.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Acute Cardiovascular Events: Protocol of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of sex on the utilization of defibrillation-capable cardiac implantable devices and outcome: results from the German device registry.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Article
- Sleep is associated with posttraumatic stress symptom severity in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator depending on age.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Depression and inflammatory markers in patients undergoing ICD implantation.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2026Article
- Sexual health in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: A narrative review.Heart rhythm O2 · 2026Review
- Antitachycardia Pacing for Fast Scar-Mediated Ventricular Tachycardia Across Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathies: A Case Series.International medical case reports journal · 2026Article
- Healthcare Utilization and Costs After Appropriate or Inappropriate Implantable Defibrillator Shocks: A Retrospective Real-World Data Study in Japan.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2026Article
- Symptom Experiences and Coping Strategies in Turkish Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Interviews.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring cardiac-related PTSD symptoms in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: protocol for an open-label trial of written exposure therapy and qualitative study.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Quality of life in patients with heart failure and implantable cardioverter defibrillators: results from 9274 patients in 42 outpatient heart failure clinics in the National Norwegian Heart Failure Registry.European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes · 2025Article
- Psychological Interventions for Reducing Distress in Patients with Cardiac Arrhythmias.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsImplantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) prevent sudden cardiac death. Anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are underappreciated symptoms. We aimed to systematically synthesize prevalence estimates of mood disorders and symptom severities, pre- and post-ICD insertions. Comparisons were made with control groups, as well as within ICD patients by indication (primary vs. secondary), sex, shock status, and over time.
methodsDatabases (Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Embase) were searched without limits from inception to 31 August 2022; 4661 articles were identified, 109 (39 954 patients) of which met criteria.
resultsRandom-effects meta-analyses revealed clinically relevant anxiety in 22.58% (95%CI 18.26-26.91%) of ICD patients across all timepoints following insertion and depression in 15.42% (95%CI 11.90-18.94%). Post-traumatic stress disorder was seen in 12.43% (95%CI 6.90-17.96%). Rates did not vary relative to indication group. Clinically relevant anxiety and depression were more likely in ICD patients who experienced shocks [anxiety odds ratio (OR) = 3.92 (95%CI 1.67-9.19); depression OR = 1.87 (95%CI 1.34-2.59)]. Higher symptoms of anxiety were seen in females than males post-insertion [Hedges' g = 0.39 (95%CI 0.15-0.62)]. Depression symptoms decreased in the first 5 months post-insertion [Hedges' g = 0.13 (95%CI 0.03-0.23)] and anxiety symptoms after 6 months [Hedges' g = 0.07 (95%CI 0-0.14)].
conclusionDepression and anxiety are highly prevalent in ICD patients, especially in those who experience shocks. Of particular concern is the prevalence of PTSD following ICD implantation. Psychological assessment, monitoring, and therapy should be offered to ICD patients and their partners as part of routine care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.