ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2023
Frequency and Referral Patterns of Neural Antibody Studies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience From an Autoimmune Neurology Center.
Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Possible temporal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Reduced Hospital Incidence of Autoimmune Encephalitis During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Cytokine, Chemokine, and Neurofilament Light Chain Signatures in LGI1 Autoimmune Encephalitis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Incidence of Autoimmune Encephalitis and Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes Associated Antibodies in Singapore.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Missing Full Disclosures.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Anti-IgLON5 Disease 10 Years Later: What We Know and What We Do Not Know.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Comprehensive Analysis of Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndrome and PNS-CARE Diagnostic Criteria in Clinical Practice.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Article
- Is there an immunological cross-reactivity of antibodies to the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and coronaviruses?Brain communications · 2024Article
- Central nervous system immune-related disorders after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a multicenter study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Psychiatric Symptoms in Acute and Persisting Forms of COVID-19 Associated with Neural Autoantibodies.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- CDR2 and CDR2L line blot performance in PCA-1/anti-Yo paraneoplastic autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether the frequency of paraneoplastic or autoimmune encephalitis antibodies examined in a referral center changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
methodsThe number of patients who tested positive for neuronal or glial (neural) antibodies during pre-COVID-19 (2017-2019) and COVID-19 (2020-2021) periods was compared. The techniques used for antibody testing did not change during these periods and included a comprehensive evaluation of cell-surface and intracellular neural antibodies. The chi-square test, Spearman correlation, and Python programming language v3 were used for statistical analysis.
resultsSerum or CSF from 15,390 patients with suspected autoimmune or paraneoplastic encephalitis was examined. The overall positivity rate for antibodies against neural-surface antigens was similar in the prepandemic and pandemic periods (neuronal 3.2% vs 3.5%; glial 6.1 vs 5.2) with a mild single-disease increase in the pandemic period (anti-NMDAR encephalitis). By contrast, the positivity rate for antibodies against intracellular antigens was significantly increased during the pandemic period (2.8% vs 3.9%, DISCUSSION: Our findings do not support that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a substantial increase of known or novel encephalitis mediated by antibodies against neural-surface antigens. The increase in Hu and GFAP antibodies likely reflects the progressive increased recognition of the corresponding disorders.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.