ArticlePLoS medicine2023
Global incidence in hospital-associated infections resistant to antibiotics: An analysis of point prevalence surveys from 99 countries.
Article in PLoS medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- National and regional challenges of antibiotic prescribing patterns in pediatric populations across Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings: a systematic review of healthcare-associated infections.Central European journal of public health · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence, trends, and molecular insights into colistin resistance among gram-negative bacteria in Egypt: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2025Pooled it
- Antibiotics Use Patterns in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review Analysis.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingPooled it
- Inpatient versus outpatient management of young infants with a single low-mortality-risk sign of possible serious bacterial infection in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia: an open-label, multicentre, two-arm, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2025Trial
- BWC0977, a broad-spectrum antibacterial clinical candidate to treat multidrug resistant infections.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Smartphone-Guided Visible Light Modulation of RSNOs for Antimicrobial Activity via Controlled Nitric Oxide Release.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Optimizing surgical site infection control systems: evaluating operating room ventilation system effectiveness in public hospitals.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Knowledge and Perception of Nosocomial Infections Among Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in the Qassim Region.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Does alternate-day bathing with 2% chlorhexidine improve clinical outcomes in critically ill patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- Phenotypic and molecular characterization of carbapenem resistance among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Unveiling the antibiotic resistance pattern inWorld journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial effects of repeated 405 nm low-level-laser photobiomodulation: an In-vitro study on surgical wound pathogens.Lasers in medical science · 2026Article
- Assessment of childhood pneumonia management and outcomes at primary healthcare centres in Islamabad and Rawalpindi: an observational cohort study from Pakistan.Journal of global health · 2026Observational
- Mind the governance gap: a one health scoping review of national AMR performance indicators.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Combating Antibacterial Resistance: The Integrative Role of Artificial Intelligence in Bio-Based Product Development.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Bacterial species differentiation via real-time detection of microbial volatile organic compounds using a wavelength multiplexed photoionization detector and AI image-based analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Genome sequencing for prevention of health-care-associated bacterial infections.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Capsular polysaccharides of Acinetobacter baumannii modulate antimicrobial resistance and innate immune response.Scientific reports · 2026Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHospital-associated infections (HAIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Many HAIs are caused by drug-resistant bacterial pathogens, but there are major gaps in our understanding of the number of hospital-associated drug-resistant infections (HARIs) worldwide. As such, we estimated trends in prevalence of HARIs caused by high priority pathogens (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter spp., and Pseudomonas spp.) in 195 countries. METHODS AND
findingsResistance prevalence estimates were extracted from 474-point prevalence surveys (PPS) from 99 countries published between 2010 and 2020 coupled with country-level estimates of hospitalization rates and length of stay. Prevalence estimates were transformed in yearly incidence of HARIs per year by country and income group. We estimate the global number of HARIs per year to be 136 million (95% credible interval (CI) 26 to 246 million) per year, with the highest burden in China (52 million, 95% CI 10 to 95 million), Pakistan (10 million, 95% CI 2 to 18 million), and India (9 million, 95% CI 3 to 15 million). Among income groups, middle-income countries bore the highest burden of HARIs per year (119 million, 95% CI 23 to 215 million). Our analysis was constrained by the limited number of PPS for HARIs, lack of community-associated data on antibiotic-resistant infections, and our population level analysis.
conclusionsIn this study, we observe, in the absence of systematic surveillance systems for HARIs, a baseline overview of their rates. Our yearly estimates highlight the global threat of HARIs and may help define strategies to tackle resistance in hospital settings.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.