ArticleMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2023
Lifelong Association of Disorders Related to Military Trauma with Subsequent Parkinson's Disease.
Article in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Case Definitions and Data Sources for NNCSS Parkinson Disease Surveillance: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2026Pooled it
- Genetic associations between post-traumatic stress disorder and REM-sleep behavior disorder.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Small Strokes, Big Impact: Excessive Mortality After Acute Ischemic Stroke in Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Article
- The North American Prodromal Synucleinopathy study: protocol for a multi-site, longitudinal, observational study of idiopathic/isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026Article
- Heart rate variability impairment during sleep in Veterans with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, traumatic brain injury, and post-traumatic stress disorder: an early potential window into autonomic dysfunction?Journal of sleep research · 2025Article
- REM Sleep Behavior Disorder as a Prodromal Synucleinopathy: Updates on Clinical and Laboratory Biomarkers, and Implications for Neuroprotective Trials.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- Post-traumatic stress disorder and REM-sleep behavior disorder: exploring genetic associations and causal links.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Dementia: Mechanisms, Risk Stratification, and Clinical Management.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Review
- Lasting Impact: Exploring the Brain Mechanisms that Link Traumatic Brain Injury to Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- DRN-SNc serotonergic circuit drives stress-induced motor deficits and Parkinson's disease vulnerability.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Validation of Parkinson's Disease Ascertainment in the Veterans Administration Electronic Medical Record.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Article
- The evolving pathophysiology of TBI and the advantages of temporally-guided combination therapies.Neurochemistry international · 2024Review
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Risk of Parkinson's Disease in a Veteran Cohort.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2024Article
- The potential role of chronic pain and the polytrauma clinical triad in predicting prodromal PD: A cross-sectional study of U.S. Veterans.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTrauma-related disorders such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are emerging as risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD), but their association with development of PD and independence from comorbid disorders remains unknown.
objectiveTo examine TBI and PTSD related to early trauma in military veterans using a case-control study.
methodsPD was identified by International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code, recurrent PD-specific prescriptions, and availability of 5+ years of earlier records. Validation was performed by chart review by a movement disorder-trained neurologist. Control subjects were matched 4:1 by age, duration of preceding health care, race, ethnicity, birth year, and sex. TBI and PTSD were identified by ICD code and onset based on active duty. Association and interaction were measured for TBI and PTSD with PD going back 60 years. Interaction was measured for comorbid disorders.
resultsA total of 71,933 cases and 287,732 controls were identified. TBI and PTSD increased odds of subsequent PD at all preceding 5-year intervals back to year -60 (odds ratio range: 1.5 [1.4, 1.7] to 2.1 [2.0, 2.1]). TBI and PTSD showed synergism (synergy index range: 1.14 [1.09, 1.29] to 1.28 [1.09, 1.51]) and additive association (odds ratio range: 2.2 [1.6, 2.8] to 2.7 [2.5, 2.8]). Chronic pain and migraine showed greatest synergy with PTSD and TBI. Effect sizes for trauma-related disorders were comparable with established prodromal disorders.
conclusionsTBI and PTSD are associated with later PD and are synergistic with chronic pain and migraine. These findings provide evidence for TBI and PTSD as risk factors preceding PD by decades and could aid in prognostic calculation and earlier intervention. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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