ArticleBMC health services research2023
Outpatient healthcare costs associated with overweight and obesity in Italy.
Article in BMC health services research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Costs of mental health care resource use in people with obesity: A systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Association of body mass index categories with healthcare use and health expenditures in Switzerland: a cross-sectional, community-based study.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- The overweight and obesity landscape in italy: data from the Italy cohort of the multi-country IMPACT-O study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- Public awareness of obesity causes, complications, and treatment methods in a representative sample of adults in Poland.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Outpatient healthcare costs associated with overweight and obesity in Italy.BMC health services research · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo evaluate outpatient healthcare expenditure associated with different levels of BMI and glucose metabolism alterations.
methodsThe study is based on a representative national sample of adults, with data obtained from electronic clinical records of 900 Italian general practitioners. Data relative to the year 2018 were analyzed. The study population was classified according to BMI (normal weight, overweight, and obesity classes 1, 2, and 3) and glucose metabolism status (normoglycemia - NGT; impaired fasting glucose - IFG; diabetes mellitus - DM). Outpatient health expenditures include diagnostic tests, specialist visits, and drugs.
resultsData relative to 991,917 adults were analyzed. Annual per capita expenditure rose from 252.2 Euro among individuals with normal weight to 752.9 Euro among those with class 3 obesity. The presence of obesity determined an excess cost, particularly among younger individuals. Within each BMI class, the presence of IFG or DM2 identified subgroups of individuals with substantially higher healthcare expenditures.
conclusionsOutpatient healthcare costs markedly increased with increasing BMI in all age categories, particularly among individuals below 65. Addressing the double burden of excess weight and hyperglycemia represents a significant challenge and a healthcare priority.
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