ArticleBMC public health2023
Patterns of global burden of 13 diseases attributable to lead exposure, 1990-2019.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lead exposure and antisocial behavior: A systematic review of human and animal evidence.Environment international · 2025Pooled it
- Heavy metal toxicity as a driver of endoplasmic reticulum stress and dysfunction.The FEBS journal · 2026Review
- Fenugreek Seed Powder Attenuates Lead-Induced Hepatic Injury and Renal Dysfunction in Male Mice Co-Exposed to Escalating Lead Doses.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Protective role of methylcobalamin (Vit B12) and pyridoxine (Vit B6) combination against teratogenic effects induced by lead in chick embryo.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
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- Global, regional, and national trends in hypertensive heart disease burden due to high BMI: a 30-year analysis using GBD 2021 data with projections to 2035.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Global burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to lead exposure: based on the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Developmental lead (pb) exposure induces anxiety and depression-like behaviorsCurrent research in toxicology · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic and sex differences in the global burden of hypertensive heart disease, 1990-2021: a population-based analysis.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Analysis of disease burden and trends in non-COVID-19 respiratory infections in China (1990-2021).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The burden and trend prediction of ischemic heart disease associated with lead exposure: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Article
- The global burden of childhood diarrheal diseases attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding from 1990 to 2021: an exploratory analysis of estimates from the global burden of disease study.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- The global, regional and national burden of peptic ulcer disease attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021: A population-based study.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Protective role of savory essential oil on vital organs in rats against deleterious effects induced by lead acetate.Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Global, regional and national burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution from 1990 to 2021: an analysis of the global burden of disease study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Characterization and prediction of non-melanoma skin cancer incidence in China: Joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort model.PloS one · 2025Article
- The burden and trend prediction of atrial fibrillation and flutter associated with lead exposure: insights from the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to lead exposure, 1990-2021: decomposition, frontier, and projection analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Impact of lead exposure on global chronic kidney disease attributable to hypertension: deaths and disability-adjusted life years from 1990 to 2021 and projected trends for 2022-2036.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesUnderstanding the spatio-temporal patterns of the global burden of various diseases resulting from lead exposure is critical for controlling lead pollution and disease prevention.
methodsBased on the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) framework and methodology, the global, regional, and national burden of 13 level-three diseases attributable to lead exposure were analyzed by disease type, patient age and sex, and year of occurrence. Population attributable fraction (PAF), deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) obtained from the GBD 2019 database were used as descriptive indicators, and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was estimated by a log-linear regression model to reflect the time trend. RESULTS AND
conclusionsFrom 1990 to 2019, the number of deaths and DALYs resulting from lead exposure increased by 70.19% and 35.26%, respectively; however, the ASMR and ASDR decreased by 20.66% and 29.23%, respectively. Ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and hypertensive heart disease (HHD) showed the highest increases in deaths; IHD, stroke, and diabetes and kidney disease (DKD) had the fastest-growing DALYs. The fastest decline in ASMR and ASDR was seen in stroke, with AAPCs of -1.25 (95% CI [95% confidence interval]: -1.36, -1.14) and -1.66 (95% CI: -1.76, -1.57), respectively. High PAFs occurred mainly in South Asia, East Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa. Age-specific PAFs of DKD resulting from lead exposure were positively correlated with age, whereas the opposite was true for mental disorders (MD), with the burden of lead-induced MD concentrated in children aged 0-6 years. The AAPCs of ASMR and ASDR showed a strong negative correlation with the socio-demographic index. Our findings showed that the global impact of lead exposure and its burden increased from 1990 to 2019 and varied significantly according to age, sex, region, and resulting disease. Effective public health measures and policies should be adopted to prevent and control lead exposure.
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