SynthesisClinical & experimental metastasis2023
Effect of liver metastasis on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients: a systemic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Clinical & experimental metastasis, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of metastatic pattern and histologic subtype on PD-(L)1 inhibitor efficacy in HER2-negative advanced gastric and gastroesophageal cancer: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Dynamics of tumor ecosystems and microbiome in response to neoadjuvant ABFOLFOX treatment in patients with unresectable colorectal cancer with liver metastasis.Genome medicine · 2026Trial
- Vebreltinib for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring c-Met Exon 14 Skipping Mutation: A Multicenter, Single-Arm, Phase II KUNPENG Study.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024Trial
- VEGF-A blockade overcomes liver metastases resistance to chemoimmunotherapy in patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Combined elevation of pre-treatment γ-glutamyltransferase and lactate dehydrogenase as independent prognosticator for metastatic renal cell carcinoma undergoing immune-based therapy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Do Metastatic Cells Arise from PD-L1International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Liver metastases in advanced urothelial carcinoma (ARON-2): do pembrolizumab and avelumab make a difference in a poor-prognosis scenario?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and immune checkpoint inhibitor response in gastrointestinal liver metastases: current evidence and future directions.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Progression and Metastasis of Lung Cancer: Clinical Features, Molecular Mechanisms, and Clinical Managements.MedComm · 2025Review
- Article
- Combining molecular patterns and clinical data for better immune checkpoint inhibitor prediction in metastatic urothelial carcinoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Elevated Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Correlates With Liver Metastases and Poor Immunotherapy Response in Stage IV Melanoma.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Pembrolizumab in patients with gastric cancer and liver metastases: A paradigm shift in immunotherapy.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2024Article
- Treatment Options for Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Liver Metastases.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Absolute lymphocyte count predicts efficacy of palbociclib in patients with metastatic luminal breast cancer.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Immunotherapy in gastric cancer with liver metastasis: Challenges and opportunities.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2024Article
- A multicenter retrospective study of the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy regimens with or without liver metastasis for the first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2024Article
- Metastatic organotropism: a brief overview.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Efficacy and safety of second-line cabozantinib after immuno-oncology combination therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma: Japanese multicenter retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Liver metastasis is a frequent phenomenon in advanced tumor disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a new class of therapeutics that can improve the prognosis of cancer patients. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the relationship between liver metastasis and survival outcomes of patients receiving ICIs treatment. We searched four main databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were the survival outcomes of our concern. Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the relationship between liver metastasis and OS/ PFS. Finally, 163 articles were included in the study. The pooled results showed that patients with liver metastasis receiving ICIs treatment had worse OS (HR=1.82, 95%CI:1.59-2.08) and PFS (HR=1.68, 95%CI:1.49-1.89) than patients without liver metastasis. The effect of liver metastasis on ICIs efficacy differed in different tumor types, and patients with urinary system tumors (renal cell carcinoma OS: HR=2.47, 95%CI:1.76-3.45; urothelial carcinoma OS: HR=2.37, 95%CI:2.03-2.76) had the worst prognosis, followed by patients with melanoma (OS: HR=2.04, 95%CI:1.68-2.49) or non-small cell lung cancer (OS: HR=1.81, 95%CI:1.72-1.91). ICIs efficacy in digestive system tumors (colorectal cancer OS: HR=1.35, 95%CI:1.07-1.71; gastric cancer/ esophagogastric cancer OS: HR=1.17, 95%CI:0.90-1.52) was less affected, and peritoneal metastasis and the number of metastases have a greater clinical significance than liver metastasis based on univariate data. For cancer patients receiving ICIs treatment, the occurrence of liver metastasis is associated with poor prognosis. Different cancer types and metastatic sites may hold a different prognostic effect on the efficacy of ICIs treatment in cancer patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.