ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2023
Disease stratification in GCA and PMR: state of the art and future perspectives.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk loci involved in giant cell arteritis susceptibility: a genome-wide association study.The Lancet. Rheumatology · 2024Pooled it
- Ultrasound, PET/CT or temporal artery biopsy for giant cell arteritis? A prospective diagnostic accuracy study (the GAME-study).Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Observational
- Article
- Plasma proteome differences between giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: a pilot study.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- Treatment strategies in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: beyond glucocorticoids.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Comparing incidence of vasculitis between farming, rural and urban population: A population-based study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Crosstalk between macrophages and fibroblasts contributes to inflammation and damage in giant cell arteritis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Calprotectin and serum amyloid A for disease activity assessment in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: results from a prospective single-centre cohort study.Rheumatology international · 2026Article
- Vascular uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT predicts relapse in new-onset PMR.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- A procedure in decline: frequency of temporal artery biopsies since 2017 in a major Danish ophthalmology center.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2026Article
- Direct interleukin-6 inhibitor olokizumab in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica: a case series.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The Association of Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis With COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review.Clinical medicine insights. Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Review
- Glucocorticoid discontinuation and clinical phenotypes in patients with giant cell arteritis: A retrospective cohort study from a fast track clinic.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2026Article
- Musculoskeletal ultrasound findings in GCA with PMR and isolated PMR.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2026Article
- Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structure in arteritic versus nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- A matter arising: When should inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases be considered 'early'?European journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Increased expression of Toll-like receptors and associated alarmins in temporal arteries of patients with giant cell arteritis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- A Case of Giant Cell Arteritis Presenting With a Hyperechoic Wall Thickening on Temporal Artery Ultrasonography.Cureus · 2025Article
- Monocytes/Macrophages in Giant Cell Arteritis-Polymyalgia Rheumatica Spectrum Disease.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Dynamic macrophage phenotypes in autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are closely related conditions characterized by systemic inflammation, a predominant IL-6 signature, an excellent response to glucocorticoids, a tendency to a chronic and relapsing course, and older age of the affected population. This Review highlights the emerging view that these diseases should be approached as linked conditions, unified under the term GCA-PMR spectrum disease (GPSD). In addition, GCA and PMR should be seen as non-monolithic conditions, with different risks of developing acute ischaemic complications and chronic vascular and tissue damage, different responses to available therapies and disparate relapse rates. A comprehensive stratification strategy for GPSD, guided by clinical findings, imaging and laboratory data, facilitates appropriate therapy and cost-effective use of health-economic resources. Patients presenting with predominant cranial symptoms and vascular involvement, who usually have a borderline elevation of inflammatory markers, are at an increased risk of sight loss in early disease but have fewer relapses in the long term, whereas the opposite is observed in patients with predominant large-vessel vasculitis. How the involvement of peripheral joint structures affects disease outcomes remains uncertain and understudied. In the future, all cases of new-onset GPSD should undergo early disease stratification, with their management adapted accordingly.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.