ArticleMicrobiology spectrum2023
Characterization of the Inflammatory Response Evoked by Bacterial Membrane Vesicles in Intestinal Cells Reveals an RIPK2-Dependent Activation by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Vesicles.
Article in Microbiology spectrum, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Probiotic extracellular vesicles reprogram macrophage immunometabolism: From gut crosstalk to host health.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Repression of the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) During Biofilm Formation Provides a Fitness Advantage forMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Integrated multi-omics profiling of gut bacterial extracellular vesicles links cargo composition to host transcriptional responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- New insights into outer membrane vesicles in Gram-negative bacteria from biogenesis to applications.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Host Factor Induced Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles Promote Horizontal Gene Transfer in Vibrio cholerae.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Engineered Low-Endotoxin Bacterial Biomimetic Vesicles for Enhanced Oral Dual-Antigen Subunit Vaccine Delivery.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Deciphering the immunomodulatory cross-talk: Bacterial extracellular vesicles in gut homeostasis.Virulence · 2025Review
- Microbial membrane vesicles and the intestinal epithelium: a crosstalk in health and disease.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Two Sides of the Same Coin-Mechanistic Insight, Diagnostic Application and Therapeutic Translation of Bacterial and Host-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Review
- Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of extracellular vesicles produced by human gut archaea.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Enrichment of human IgA-coated bacterial vesicles in ulcerative colitis as a driver of inflammation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The activity of the quorum sensing regulator HapR is modulated by the bacterial extracellular vesicle (BEV)-associated protein ObfA of Vibrio cholerae.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- From trash to treasure: the role of bacterial extracellular vesicles in gut health and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Bacterial membrane vesicles in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.Gut microbesReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although the immunomodulatory potency of bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) is widely acknowledged, their interactions with host cells and the underlying signaling pathways have not been well studied. Herein, we provide a comparative analysis of the proinflammatory cytokine profile secreted by human intestinal epithelial cells exposed to MVs derived from 32 gut bacteria. In general, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria induced a stronger proinflammatory response than MVs from Gram-positive bacteria. However, the quality and quantity of cytokine induction varied between MVs from different species, highlighting their unique immunomodulatory properties. OMVs from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) were among those showing the strongest proinflammatory potency. In depth analyses revealed that the immunomodulatory activity of ETEC OMVs relies on a so far unprecedented two-step mechanism, including their internalization into host cells followed by intracellular recognition. First, OMVs are efficiently taken up by intestinal epithelial cells, which mainly depends on caveolin-mediated endocytosis as well as the presence of the outer membrane porins OmpA and OmpF on the MVs. Second, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) delivered by OMVs is intracellularly recognized by novel caspase- and RIPK2-dependent pathways. This recognition likely occurs via detection of the lipid A moiety as ETEC OMVs with underacylated LPS exhibited reduced proinflammatory potency but similar uptake dynamics compared to OMVs derived from wild-type (WT) ETEC. Intracellular recognition of ETEC OMVs in intestinal epithelial cells is pivotal for the proinflammatory response as inhibition of OMV uptake also abolished cytokine induction. The study signifies the importance of OMV internalization by host cells to exercise their immunomodulatory activities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.