ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2023
Stand-alone model for delivery of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Kenya: a single-arm, prospective pilot evaluation.
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT04558554 (Pharmacy Delivery to Expand the Reach of PrEP in Kenya), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pharmacy Delivery to Expand the Reach of PrEP in Kenya: Pilot Study
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- A modified pharmacy provider-led delivery model of oral HIV pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis in Kenya: a pilot study extension.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Trial
- Online delivery of oral HIV pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis: findings from the ePrEP Kenya pilot.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Trial
- Low selection of HIV PrEP refills at private pharmacies among clients who initiated PrEP at public clinics: findings from a mixed-methods study in Kenya.BMC health services research · 2024Trial
- A Causal Framework for Evaluating the Total Effect of Strategies Aiming to Expand Screening and to Improve Outcomes.Statistics in medicine · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of pharmacy-based HIV pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis delivery: a cluster-randomized trial in Kenya.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Expanding PrEP Access Through Decentralized Delivery Models.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Expanding HIV Prevention: Exploring Community Pharmacists' Willingness to Provide PrEP in Nigeria.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Implementing long-acting injectable HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis services at private pharmacies in Kenya: client, pharmacy provider and key stakeholder perspectives on potential challenges and opportunities.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Optimising community pharmacy PrEP delivery for cisgender female sex workers in Uganda: Protocol for a mixed-methods study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Article
- Heterogeneity in preferences for HIV prevention service delivery among women of reproductive age in western Kenya: a latent class analysis.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Barriers to and Facilitators of Heterosexual Men's Engagement with the PrEP Care Continuum in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Article
- Understanding the cost of pharmacy-delivered HIV pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis service delivery in Kenya: findings from pilot studies.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Article
- High acceptability, feasibility and sustainability of a direct-to-pharmacy differentiated PrEP delivery model in public health HIV clinics in Kenya: perspectives of PrEP clients and healthcare providers.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- What do women want in pharmacy-based HIV prevention services during pregnancy? Developing attributes and levels for a discrete choice experiment in Western Kenya.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Measuring the uptake of clinic-based HIV treatment and prevention services following HIV testing and referral at private pharmacies in Kenya.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Article
- Leveraging community pharmacies for HIV services in South Africa: Opportunities and constraints.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe delivery of daily, oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) at private pharmacies may overcome barriers to PrEP delivery at public healthcare facilities, including HIV-associated stigma, long wait times and overcrowding.
methodsAt five private, community-based pharmacies in Kenya, a care pathway for PrEP delivery (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04558554) was piloted-the first of its kind in Africa. Pharmacy providers screened clients interested in PrEP for HIV risk, then used a prescribing checklist to identify clients without medical conditions that might contraindicate PrEP safety, counsel them on PrEP use and safety, conduct provider-assisted HIV self-testing and dispense PrEP. For complex clinical cases, a remote clinician was available for consultation. Clients who did not meet the checklist criteria were referred to public facilities for free services delivered by clinicians. Pharmacy providers dispensed a 1-month PrEP supply at initiation and a 3-month supply thereafter at a client fee of 300 KES (∼$3 USD) per visit.
resultsFrom November 2020 to October 2021, pharmacy providers screened 575 clients, identified 476 who met the prescribing checklist criteria and initiated 287 (60%) on PrEP. Among pharmacy PrEP clients, the median age was 26 years (IQR 22-33) and 57% (163/287) were male. The prevalence of behaviours associated with HIV risk among clients was high; 84% (240/287) reported sexual partners with unknown HIV status and 53% (151/287) reported multiple sexual partners (past 6 months). PrEP continuation among clients was 53% (153/287) at 1 month, 36% (103/287) at 4 months and 21% (51/242) at 7 months. During the pilot observation period, 21% (61/287) of clients stopped and restarted PrEP and overall pill coverage was 40% (IQR 10%-70%). Nearly, all pharmacy PrEP clients (≥96%) agreed or strongly agreed with statements regarding the acceptability and appropriateness of pharmacy-delivered PrEP services.
conclusionsFindings from this pilot suggest that populations at HIV risk frequently visit private pharmacies and PrEP initiation and continuation at pharmacies is similar to or exceeds that at public healthcare facilities. Private pharmacy-based PrEP delivery, conducted entirely by private-sector pharmacy staff, is a promising new delivery model that has the potential to expand PrEP reach in Kenya and similar settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.