ArticleFrontiers in neurology2023
Anti-GAD65 autoantibody levels measured by ELISA and alternative types of immunoassays in relation to neuropsychiatric diseases versus diabetes mellitus type 1.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stiff-Person Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of a Rare Disease with Emphasis on Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Diagnostic Challenges and Therapeutic Advances.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2026Review
- Detection of Diagnostic Antibodies in Immune-Mediated Diseases: A Focus on Antigens and Technologies.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026Review
- Neuronal autoantibodies in neurodegenerative dementia: From evidence to clinical framework.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Review
- A Case Report of Anti-GAD65 Antibody-Positive Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Diabetes.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Associated With Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibodies: Defining a Distinct Epilepsy Syndrome.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Anti-GAD65 autoantibodies (GAD65-Abs) may occur in patients with epilepsy and other neurological disorders, but the clinical significance is not clear-cut. Whereas high levels of GAD65-Abs are considered pathogenic in neuropsychiatric disorders, low or moderate levels are only considered as mere bystanders in, e.g., diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1). The value of cell-based assays (CBA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for GAD65-Abs detection has not been clearly evaluated in this context. Objective: To re-evaluate the assumption that high levels of GAD65-Abs are related to neuropsychiatric disorders and lower levels only to DM1 and to compare ELISA results with CBA and IHC to determine the additional value of these tests. Methods: 111 sera previously assessed for GAD65-Abs by ELISA in routine clinical practice were studied. Clinical indications for testing were, e.g., suspected autoimmune encephalitis or epilepsy (neuropsychiatric cohort; Results: ELISA retested GAD65-Abs level in patients with neuropsychiatric diseases was higher than in patients with DM1/LADA (only retested positive samples were compared; 6 vs. 38; median 47,092 U/mL vs. 581 U/mL; Conclusion: GAD65-Abs levels are significantly higher in patients with neuropsychiatric disease than in patients with DM1/LADA, however, positivity in CBA and IHC only correlates with high levels of GAD65-Abs, and not with the underlying diseases.
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