ArticleOncology research2023
A Th2-score in the tumor microenvironment as a predictive biomarker of response to Bacillus Calmette Guérin in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma: A retrospective study.
Article in Oncology research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficiency of transurethral en-bloc resection vs. conventional transurethral resection for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: An umbrella review.Cancer medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Predictive and prognostic biomarkers of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy failure in bladder cancer patients: A systematic review.Molecular oncology · 2026Review
- Interpretable machine learning model of contrast-enhanced CT radiomics for predicting post-BCG recurrence in high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.World journal of urology · 2026Article
- Bladder Cancer Biomarkers: Recent Advances in Early Detection, Treatment Prediction, and Prognosis.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Eosinophils but not mast cells exert anti-tumorigenic activity, without being predictive markers of the long-term response to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy in patients with bladder carcinoma.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- From Bench to Bladder: The Rise in Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in the Treatment of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Nanomaterial-Enhanced Immunotherapy: Advancing T-Cell-Based Treatments for Bladder Cancer.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Spatial Distribution of Macrophage and Lymphocyte Subtypes within Tumor Microenvironment to Predict Recurrence of Non-Muscle-Invasive Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma after BCG Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Adhesion-regulating molecule 1 (ADRM1) can be a potential biomarker and target for bladder cancer.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) is the gold standard therapy for intermediate/high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, the response rate is ~60%, and 50% of non-responders will progress to muscle-invasive disease. BCG induces massive local infiltration of inflammatory cells (Th1) and ultimately cytotoxic tumor elimination. We searched for predictive biomarker of BCG response by analyzing tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) polarization in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in pre-treatment biopsies. Pre-treatment biopsies from patients with NMIBC who received adequate intravesical instillation of BCG (n = 32) were evaluated retrospectively by immunohistochemistry. TME polarization was assessed by quantifying the T-Bet+ (Th1) and GATA-3+ (Th2) lymphocyte ratio (G/T), and the density and degranulation of EPX+ eosinophils. In addition, PD-1/PD-L1 staining was quantified. The results correlated with BCG response. In most non-responders, Th1/Th2 markers were compared in pre-and post-BCG biopsies. ORR was 65.6% in the study population. BCG responders had a higher G/T ratio and a greater number of degranulated EPX+ cells. Variables combined into a Th2-score showed a significant association with higher scores in responders (
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Registered trials
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