ArticleFrontiers in psychology2023
Ethnic discrimination unlearned: experience in the repeated Trust Game reduces trust bias.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Trust learning in the repeated trust game: A meta-analytic study.British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953) · 2026Pooled it
- QualGames: A Qualtrics implementation and a database of behavioral game theory tasks.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Discrimination toward ethnic minorities is a persistent societal problem. One reason behind this is a bias in trust: people tend to trust their ingroup and comparatively distrust outgroups. Methods: In this study, we investigated whether and how people change their explicit trust bias with respect to ethnicity based on behavioral interactions with in- and outgroup members in a modified Trust Game. Results: Subjects' initial explicit trust bias disappeared after the game. The change was largest for ingroup members who behaved unfairly, and the reduction of trust bias generalized to a small sample of new in- and outgroup members. Reinforcement learning models showed subjects' learning was best explained by a model with only one learning rate, indicating that subjects learned from trial outcomes and partner types equally during investment. Discussion: We conclude that subjects can reduce bias through simple learning, in particular by learning that ingroup members can behave unfairly.
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