ArticleAmerican journal of translational research2023
Metformin induces M2 polarization via AMPK/PGC-1α/PPAR-γ pathway to improve peripheral nerve regeneration.
Article in American journal of translational research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- From mechanism to therapy: advances in macrophage polarisation and targeted intervention in osteosarcoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Combined effect of metformin and ezetimibe on PPAR-γ and adiponectin gene expression and biochemical parameters in MAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025 · on this mapTrial
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) as a mechano-metabolic transducer: coordinating lipid homeostasis through mechanical cues.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Amelioration of adjuvant-induced arthritis by carvacrol and Lactobacillus rhamnosus: role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and T cell-mediated inflammation.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Metformin as an Innate Immune Modulator: Metabolic and Epigenetic Reprogramming of Innate Immune Cells and Therapeutic Implications.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Association of Antidiabetic Medication Classes With Survival Outcomes in Pulmonary Hypertension Patients With Diabetes.Pulmonary circulation · 2026Article
- Soluble uric acid enhances gouty inflammation via activating gene expression related to innate immune responses, M1 macrophage polarization and urate crystal phagocytosis in mouse macrophage-like cells: novel insights into its mechanisms from RNA sequencing.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Balancing inflammation and regeneration: immune cell dynamics in nerve repair: a comprehensive review.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Shifts in immunometabolism in autoimmune diseases.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Old Drug, New Science: Metformin and the Future of Pharmaceutics.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Mechanistic insights and challenges in mitochondrial regulation of macrophage polarization and inflammatory responses.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Enhancing secondary metabolite accumulation in medicinal plants to improve immunomodulatory activity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Macrophage and IL-6 signaling modulate multiple myeloma progression and response to metformin and CAR-T cell therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Gamma-glutamyl metformin inhibits renal cell carcinoma progression by activating AMPK signaling pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Observational
- Antidiabetic Agents as Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Therapies in Neurological and Cardiovascular Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mitochondrial immunometabolism in sepsis: orchestrating macrophage polarization and dysfunction.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Neuroprotective Effects of Metformin Through the Modulation of Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress.Cells · 2025Review
- Mesoporous Prussian blue nanoparticle neuroconduit for the biological therapy targeting oxidative stress reduction, inflammation inhibition, and nerve regeneration.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Potential of herbal formulas and bioactive metabolites in treating atherosclerosis: targeted modulation of macrophage polarization.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesInvestigating the effect of metformin on peripheral nerve regeneration and the molecular mechanism.
methodsIn this study, a rat model of sciatic nerve injury and an inflammatory bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) cell model were established. We assessed the sensory and motor function of the hind limbs four weeks after sciatic nerve injury, immunofluorescence was used to detect axonal regeneration and myelin formation, as well as local macrophage subtypes. We investigated the polarizing effect of metformin on inflammatory macrophages, and western blotting was applied to detect the molecular mechanisms behind it.
resultsMetformin treatment accelerated functional recovery, axon regeneration and remyelination, and promoted M2 macrophage polarization.
conclusionMetformin promoted M2 macrophage polarization by activating the AMPK/PGC-1α/PPAR-γ signaling axis, thereby promoting peripheral nerve regeneration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
37303686PMC10250979W4380291134What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.