ArticleNature communications2023
Vaccine-induced protection against SARS-CoV-2 requires IFN-γ-driven cellular immune response.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- An open-label study on the safety and immunogenicity of a PD-1-enhanced DNA vaccine used as a T cell booster for COVID-19.EBioMedicine · 2025Trial
- Pentameric M2e influenza vaccine candidate generates strong immunity with limited survival benefit.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- AI-aided design of multi-epitope peptide vaccine elicits cellular and humoral immunity to broad Omicron subvariants.Zoological research · 2026Article
- Post-vaccine inflammation tracking: validation of a novel individualized digital inflammatory biomarker relative to serum biomarkers.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Designing 5' UTR sequences improves the capacity of mRNA therapeutics in preclinical models of aging and obesity.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- CHO Cell-Produced Truncated Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Glycoprotein as a Promising Subunit Vaccine Candidate for Cattle.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Zinc Supplementation Partially Reconstitutes Impaired Interferon-γ Production in the Elderly.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Immunization with MVA-based vaccines protects K18-hACE2 mice from SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated inflammatory lesions in brains.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- CXCR3 ameliorates neutrophil-dependent disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 infection by regulating CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Attenuated Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Vaccination Induces Protective Humoral and Cellular Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 in Mammals.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Article
- Self-assembling TLR2 agonists promote mucosal immune responses without pulmonary immunopathologic injuries in mice.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Evaluation of combined BCG and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for immune enhancement and lung protection in Syrian hamsters.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Functional T cell response to COVID-19 vaccination with or without natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 in adults and children.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of Metabolic States on SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Responses in Mouse Models of Obesity and Diabetes.COVID · 2025Article
- A TLR7 Agonist Conjugated to a Nanofibrous Peptide Hydrogel as a Potent Vaccine Adjuvant.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Effective cellular and neutralizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after mRNA booster vaccination is associated with pDC and B cell activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Humoral and cellular immune response to AZD1222 /Covishield and BV152/Covaxin COVID-19 vaccines among adults in India.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Severe Edematous Facial Myositis Following Dual Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report.Cureus · 2024Article
- IFN-γ derived from activated human CD4Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The overall success of worldwide mass vaccination in limiting the negative effect of the COVID-19 pandemics is inevitable, however, recent SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, especially Omicron and its sub-lineages, efficiently evade humoral immunity mounted upon vaccination or previous infection. Thus, it is an important question whether these variants, or vaccines against them, induce anti-viral cellular immunity. Here we show that the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 induces robust protective immunity in K18-hACE2 transgenic B-cell deficient (μMT) mice. We further demonstrate that the protection is attributed to cellular immunity depending on robust IFN-γ production. Viral challenge with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.5.2 sub-variants induce boosted cellular responses in vaccinated μMT mice, which highlights the significance of cellular immunity against the ever-emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants evading antibody-mediated immunity. Our work, by providing evidence that BNT162b2 can induce significant protective immunity in mice that are unable to produce antibodies, thus highlights the importance of cellular immunity in the protection against SARS-CoV-2.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.