ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Various Energetic Metabolism of Microglia in Response to Different Stimulations.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microglia-mediated synaptic pruning in neural circuit remodeling: multidimensional control in homeostasis and neuropathology.BMC medicine · 2026Review
- Glycolysis: The Bridge Between Cellular Interaction and Alzheimer's Disease.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- The impact of lactate and lipid metabolism in microglia upon cognitive impairment following radiation-induced brain injury.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Metabolic Reprogramming of Microglia in Neuroinflammation and Depression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Inhibition of galanin receptor 3 slows down retina degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa through modulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress response.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Thermodynamic Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation: Nanothermometry, Energy-Stress Dynamics, and Predictive Entropy in Glial-Vascular Networks.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of Rhodopsin-Related Inherited Retinal Degeneration and Pharmacological Treatment Strategies.Cells · 2025Review
- Neuroinflammation and stress-induced pathophysiology in major depressive disorder: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Neurodegenerative diseases and neuroinflammation-induced apoptosis.Open life sciences · 2025Review
- Comparative evaluation of cigarette smoke and a heated tobacco product on microglial toxicity, oxidative stress and inflammatory response.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The activation of the microglia plays an important role in the neuroinflammation induced by different stimulations associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Different stimulations, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cytokines, trigger a consequence of activation in the microglia with diverse changes of the microglial cell type response in AD. The activation of the microglia is often accompanied by metabolic changes in response to PAMPs, DAMPs and cytokines in AD. Actually, we do not know the distinct differences on the energetic metabolism of microglia when subject to these stimuli. This research assessed the changes of the cell type response and energetic metabolism in mouse-derived immortalized cells (BV-2 cells) induced by a PAMP (LPS), DAMPs (Aβ and ATP) and a cytokine (IL-4) in mouse-derived immortalized cells (BV-2 cells) and whether the microglial cell type response was improved by targeting the metabolism. We uncovered that LPS, a proinflammatory stimulation of PAMPs, modified the morphology from irregular to fusiform, with stronger cell viability, fusion rates and phagocytosis in the microglia accompanied by a metabolic shift to the promotion of glycolysis and the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Aβ and ATP, which are two known kinds of DAMPs that trigger microglial sterile activation, induced the morphology from irregular to amoebic, and significantly decreased others in the microglia, accompanied by boosting or reducing both glycolysis and OXPHOS. Monotonous pathological changes and energetic metabolism of microglia were observed under IL-4 exposure. Further, the inhibition of glycolysis transformed the LPS-induced proinflammatory morphology and decreased the enhancement of LPS-induced cell viability, the fusion rate and phagocytosis. However, the promotion of glycolysis exerted a minimal effect on the changes of morphology, the fusion rate, cell viability and phagocytosis induced by ATP. Our study reveals that microglia induced diverse pathological changes accompanied by various changes in the energetic metabolism in response to PAMPs, DAMPs and cytokines, and it may be a potential application of targeting the cellular metabolism to interfere with the microglia-mediated pathological changes in AD.
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