ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Indole Propionic Acid Increases T Regulatory Cells and Decreases T Helper 17 Cells and Blood Pressure in Mice with Salt-Sensitive Hypertension.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mesenchymal stem cell therapy and gut microbiota modulation in preclinical disease models: a systematic review with implications for hypertension.Molecular biology reports · 2026Pooled it
- Microbiota-Mediator-Host Signaling Networks in Metabolic Syndrome: From Mechanistic Insights to Therapeutic Targeting.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Bidirectional Modulation of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment by Gut Microbiota-Derived Indoles: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- The Research Progress in Targeted Therapy for Hypertension via Heat Shock Proteins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Melatonin and Indole-3-Propionic Acid Reduce Surface FcγRIII/CD16-Related Parameters in Porcine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Gut-Derived Metabolic Imbalance in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Toward the Concept of a Metabolic Subtype.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Impact of Gut Microbiota on Bone Metabolism-Present Concepts and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular Disease Meets Cancer: Exploring the Epidemiology in China and Homotherapy Targeting Intersectional Mechanisms.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- A Gut Microbial Metabolite Alleviates Stress-Induced Neurobehavioral Dysfunction in an Alzheimer's Disease Model.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Review
- Bacterial indole-3-propionic acid inhibits macrophage IL-1β production through targeting methionine metabolism.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Article
- Modulation of Host Immunity by Microbiome-Derived Indole-3-Propionic Acid and Other Bacterial Metabolites.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Shaping immunity: the influence of the maternal gut bacteria on fetal immune development.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- The critical role of Th17 cells and IL-17A in autoimmune and inflammation-associated neurological diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Indole Derivatives: A Versatile Scaffold in Modern Drug Discovery-An Updated Review on Their Multifaceted Therapeutic Applications (2020-2024).Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Differential changes in end organ immune cells and inflammation in salt-sensitive hypertension: effects of increasing M2 macrophages.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2024Article
- Propionic acid supplementation promotes the expansion of regulatory T cells in patients with end-stage renal disease but not in renal transplant patients.Frontiers in transplantation · 2024Article
- Unraveling the gut microbiota's role in salt-sensitive hypertension: current evidences and future directions.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hypertension affects over a billion adults worldwide and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Studies have reported that the microbiota and its metabolites regulate hypertension pathophysiology. Recently, tryptophan metabolites have been identified to contribute to and inhibit the progression of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. Indole propionic acid (IPA) is a tryptophan metabolite with reported protective effects in neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases; however, its involvement in renal immunomodulation and sodium handling in hypertension is unknown. In the current study, targeted metabolomic analysis revealed decreased serum and fecal IPA levels in mice with L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)/high salt diet-induced hypertension (LSHTN) compared to normotensive control mice. Additionally, kidneys from LSHTN mice had increased T helper 17 (Th17) cells and decreased T regulatory (Treg) cells. Dietary IPA supplementation in LSHTN mice for 3 weeks resulted in decreased systolic blood pressure, along with increased total 24 h and fractional sodium excretion. Kidney immunophenotyping demonstrated decreased Th17 cells and a trend toward increased Treg cells in IPA-supplemented LSHTN mice. In vitro, naïve T cells from control mice were skewed into Th17 or Treg cells. The presence of IPA decreased Th17 cells and increased Treg cells after 3 days. These results identify a direct role for IPA in attenuating renal Th17 cells and increasing Treg cells, leading to improved sodium handling and decreased blood pressure. IPA may be a potential metabolite-based therapeutic option for hypertension.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.