ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2023
Locoregional Flaps for the Reconstruction of Midface Skin Defects: A Collection of Key Surgical Techniques.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Secondary Intention Healing for Facial Skin and Soft Tissue Defects: Case Report and Review of Literature.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Site- and Size-Based Algorithm for Reconstruction of Cheek Skin Defects: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Cervicothoracic flap for complex facial defect reconstruction: a case based approach.Case reports in plastic surgery & hand surgery · 2026Article
- Periocular Reconstruction in Facial Trauma: Surgical Approaches and Multidisciplinary Perspectives.Cureus · 2025Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe reconstruction of midface skin defects represents a challenge for the head and neck surgeon due to the midface's significant role in defining important facial traits. Due to the high complexity of the midface region, there is no possibility to use one definitive flap for all purposes. For moderate defects, the most common reconstructive techniques are represented by regional flaps. These flaps can be defined as donor tissue with a pedunculated axial blood supply not necessarily adjacent to the defect. The aim of this study is to highlight the more common surgical techniques adopted for midface reconstruction, providing a focus on each technique with its description and indications.
methodsA literature review was conducted using PubMed, an international database. The target of the research was to collect at least 10 different surgical techniques.
resultsTwelve different techniques were selected and cataloged. The flaps included were the bilobed flap, rhomboid flap, facial-artery-based flaps (nasolabial flap, island composite nasal flap, retroangular flap), cervicofacial flap, paramedian forehead flap, frontal hairline island flap, keystone flap, Karapandzic flap, Abbè flap, and Mustardè flap.
conclusionsThe study of the facial subunits, the location and size of the defect, the choice of the appropriate flap, and respect for the vascular pedicles are the key elements for optimal outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.