ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Cytotoxicity of Metal Ions Released from NiTi and Stainless Steel Orthodontic Appliances, Part 1: Surface Morphology and Ion Release Variations.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toxicological Assessment of Cobalt-Chromium Dental Alloys: Ion Release, Cytotoxicity, and Possible Systemic Effects.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Micro- and nano-scale topographical alterations in dental alloys after exposure to artificial saliva: a combined SEM-AFM study.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Metal release profiles of NiTi and stainless steel orthodontic appliances: the influence of proteinaceous immersion media vs artificial saliva.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2025Article
- Proteomic Research of the Stress Response ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Nickel Bioaccumulation in Oral Biofilm, Gingival Tissue, and Saliva During Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: A 12-Month Prospective Cohort Study on Predictors and Salivary pH Correlation.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2025Article
- Trichoderma harzianum-loaded maize biochar enhances Cd-Cu immobilization and reduces bio-accessibility in contaminated soil.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Ionic release and electrochemical testing of 3-D printed orthodontics metallic bands made of Co-Cr and stainless-steel alloys.European journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- Nickel Ion Release in Nickel-Containing Orthodontics Archwires: A Narrative Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.Dentistry journal · 2025Review
- In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity of fixed functional appliances.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of orthodontic bands after aging: an in-vitro study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Effect of phytic acid on chemical, structural, and mechanical characteristics of nickel-titanium endodontic files.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Effect of Artificial Saliva Modification on Pitting Corrosion and Mechanical Properties of the RemaniumMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Toxicity of Metal Ions Released from a Fixed Orthodontic Appliance to Gastrointestinal Tract Cell Lines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Effect of fluoride toothpaste and mouthwash on the cytotoxicity of buccal mucosa cells in the presence of nickel-titanium archwires during comprehensive orthodontic treatment: A randomized clinical trial.Journal of oral biology and craniofacial researchArticle
- The Impact of Intraoral Exposure on Elemental Composition and Cytotoxicity of Commonly Used Orthodontic Archwires: A Cross Sectional Study.Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community DentistryArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on ion release from orthodontic appliances, no clear conclusions can be drawn due to complex interrelations of multiple factors. Therefore, as the first part of a comprehensive investigation of cytotoxicity of eluted ions, the objective of this study was to analyze four parts of a fixed orthodontic appliance. Specifically, NiTi archwires and stainless steel (SS) brackets, bands, and ligatures were immersed in artificial saliva and studied for morphological and chemical changes after 3-, 7-, and 14-day immersion, using the SEM/EDX technique. Ion release profiles were analyzed for all eluted ions using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results demonstrated dissimilar surface morphologies among parts of the fixed appliance, due to variations in manufacturing processes. The onset of pitting corrosion was observed for the SS brackets and bands in the as-received state. Protective oxide layers were not observed on any of the parts, but adherent layers developed on SS brackets and ligatures during immersion. Salt precipitation, mainly KCl, was also observed. ICP-MS proved to be more sensitive than SEM/EDX and exhibited results undetected by SEM/EDX. Ion release was an order-of-magnitude higher for SS bands compared to other parts, which was attributed to manufacturing procedure (welding). Ion release did not correlate with surface roughness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.