ArticleCells2023
Metronomic Photodynamic Therapy with Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles in Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment.
Article in Cells, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nano-silymarin combined with methylene blue photodynamic therapy versus monotherapies of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: in-vitro study.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Fluorinated charge-reversible phthalocyanine nanoemulsions for glioma-targeted dual-modal imaging and self-oxygenated phototherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Cellular Allies Against Glioblastoma: Therapeutic Potential of Macrophages and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Implementing Photodynamic Therapy to Activate the IFN-1 Pathway in Melanoma Cells: A Protocol for Inducing Immunogenic Cell Death and Enhancing Dendritic Cell Maturation.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Transferrin-Functionalized Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy of Glioblastoma.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Strategies to enhance the effects of nanotechnology-mediated photodynamic therapy.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Polymeric Nanoparticle-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy: A Synergistic Approach for Glioblastoma Treatment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Preclinical Toxicological Characterization of Porphyrin-Doped Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Emerging nanoplatforms towards microenvironment-responsive glioma therapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- State-of-the-art photodynamic therapy for malignant gliomas: innovations in photosensitizers and combined therapeutic approaches.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2025Review
- Innovative nanoparticle-based therapeutic strategies against glioblastoma multiform: a focus on enhanced delivery systems and efficacy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Nano-Drug Delivery Systems Targeting MMPs: A Promising Treatment for Gliomas.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Digital technologies in psoriasis management: from precision diagnosis to therapeutic innovation and holistic care.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Review
- Current Non-Metal Nanoparticle-Based Therapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma Treatment.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Photodynamic therapy for cancer: mechanisms, photosensitizers, nanocarriers, and clinical studies.MedComm · 2024Review
- Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Identifying PLAUR as a Pivotal Gene of Tumor Microenvironment and Regulating Mesenchymal Phenotype of Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2024Article
- Current Photodynamic Therapy for Glioma Treatment: An Update.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Optimizing cancer therapy: a review of the multifaceted effects of metronomic chemotherapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Applications of supramolecular assemblies in drug delivery and photodynamic therapy.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alternative therapies such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) that combine light, oxygen and photosensitizers (PSs) have been proposed for glioblastoma (GBM) management to overcome conventional treatment issues. An important disadvantage of PDT using a high light irradiance (fluence rate) (cPDT) is the abrupt oxygen consumption that leads to resistance to the treatment. PDT metronomic regimens (mPDT) involving administering light at a low irradiation intensity over a relatively long period of time could be an alternative to circumvent the limitations of conventional PDT protocols. The main objective of the present work was to compare the effectiveness of PDT with an advanced PS based on conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPN) developed by our group in two irradiation modalities: cPDT and mPDT. The in vitro evaluation was carried out based on cell viability, the impact on the macrophage population of the tumor microenvironment in co-culture conditions and the modulation of HIF-1α as an indirect indicator of oxygen consumption. mPDT regimens with CPNs resulted in more effective cell death, a lower activation of molecular pathways of therapeutic resistance and macrophage polarization towards an antitumoral phenotype. Additionally, mPDT was tested in a GBM heterotopic mouse model, confirming its good performance with promising tumor growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death induction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.