ArticleCells2023
Mustard Gas Exposure Actuates SMAD2/3 Signaling to Promote Myofibroblast Generation in the Cornea.
Article in Cells, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alterations in Mitochondrial DNA in Corneal Fibroblast and Myofibroblast Post Injury.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Current progress in research on ocular injury caused by exposure to vesicants.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2025Review
- Treatment of nitrogen mustard-induced corneal injury with alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone.Experimental eye research · 2025Article
- Effect of Chemical Injury on Autophagy in Canine Corneal Stromal Fibroblasts.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2025Article
- Curcumin Alleviates Arecoline-induced Oral Submucous Fibrosis via the FOSL1/MAPK8 Axis.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Article
- Macrophages Transdifferentiate Into Myofibroblasts During Ocular Surface Inflammation.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- PI3K signaling and lysyl oxidase is critical to corneal stroma fibrosis following mustard gas injury.Experimental eye research · 2025Article
- Senescence and Stress Signaling Pathways in Corneal Cells After Nitrogen Mustard Injury.Cells · 2024Article
- Transcriptomic landscape of quiescent and proliferating human corneal stromal fibroblasts.Experimental eye research · 2024Article
- Amelioration of Fibrosis via S1P Inhibition Is Regulated by Inactivation of TGF-β and SPL Pathways in the Human Cornea.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Chloropicrin induced ocular injury: Biomarkers, potential mechanisms, and treatments.Toxicology letters · 2024Review
- Analysis of Smad3 in the modulation of stromal extracellular matrix proteins in corneal scarring after alkali injury.Molecular vision · 2024Article
- Differential gene expression and protein-protein interaction network profiling of sulfur mustard-exposed rabbit corneas employing RNA-seq data and bioinformatics tools.Experimental eye research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sulfur mustard gas (SM) is a vesicating and alkylating agent used as a chemical weapon in many mass-casualty incidents since World War I. Ocular injuries were reported in >90% of exposed victims. The mechanisms underlying SM-induced blindness remain elusive. This study tested the hypothesis that SM-induced corneal fibrosis occurs due to the generation of myofibroblasts from resident fibroblasts via the SMAD2/3 signaling pathway in rabbit eyes in vivo and primary human corneal fibroblasts (hCSFs) isolated from donor corneas in vitro. Fifty-four New Zealand White Rabbits were divided into three groups (Naïve, Vehicle, SM-Vapor treated). The SM-Vapor group was exposed to SM at 200 mg-min/m3 for 8 min at the MRI Global facility. Rabbit corneas were collected on day 3, day 7, and day 14 for immunohistochemistry, RNA, and protein lysates. SM caused a significant increase in SMAD2/3, pSMAD, and ɑSMA expression on day 3, day 7, and day 14 in rabbit corneas. For mechanistic studies, hCSFs were treated with nitrogen mustard (NM) or NM + SIS3 (SMAD3-specific inhibitor) and collected at 30 m, 8 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. NM significantly increased TGFβ, pSMAD3, and SMAD2/3 levels. On the contrary, inhibition of SMAD2/3 signaling by SIS3 treatment significantly reduced SMAD2/3, pSMAD3, and ɑSMA expression in hCSFs. We conclude that SMAD2/3 signaling appears to play a vital role in myofibroblast formation in the cornea following mustard gas exposure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.