ReviewCells2023
Sex and Brain: The Role of Sex Chromosomes and Hormones in Brain Development and Parkinson's Disease.
Review in Cells, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of dopamine in the life history of bivalves: a review.Frontiers in zoology · 2026Review
- Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids Revisited: Structural Biology, Receptor Signaling, and Mechanisms of Anabolic-Androgenic Dissociation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Role of Testosterone in Atherosclerosis: View From Cell Cultures and Animal Models.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Review
- Impact of prenatal environmental exposure on offspring neurodevelopment and susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms and perspectives.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation ofCurrent drug targets · 2026Article
- Before hormones: early sex-specific mechanisms shaping nervous system development, function, and postnatal disease susceptibility.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- Insights into X-Linked Susceptibility to Parkinson's Disease in the South African Population.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Parkinson's Disease Detection via Bilateral Gait Camera Sensor Fusion Using CMSA-Net and Implementation on Portable Device.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Leveraging research into sex differences and steroid hormones to improve brain health.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Investigating Parkinson's disease risk across farming activities using data mining and large-scale administrative health data.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Sex-informed estrogen receptor modulation in schizophrenia: a male-focused ERβ/GPER1 framework for cognitive and negative symptoms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Cross-species validation of a 6-miRNA blood signature for Parkinson's disease: from MPTP mice to human PBMC and serum exosomes.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Comparative Bioinformatic Analysis of the Proteomes of Rabbit and Human Sex Chromosomes.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Global, regional, national epidemiology and trends of Parkinson's disease from 1990 to 2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Minding the Gap: Exploring Neuroinflammatory and Microglial Sex Differences in Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Editorial: Neuroendocrine research in health and disease, volume II.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sex hormones and genes on the sex chromosomes are not only key factors in the regulation of sexual differentiation and reproduction but they are also deeply involved in brain homeostasis. Their action is crucial for the development of the brain, which presents different characteristics depending on the sex of individuals. The role of these players in the brain is fundamental in the maintenance of brain function during adulthood as well, thus being important also with respect to age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we explore the role of biological sex in the development of the brain and analyze its impact on the predisposition toward and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, we focus on Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that has a higher incidence in the male population. We report how sex hormones and genes encoded by the sex chromosomes could protect from the disease or alternatively predispose toward its development. We finally underline the importance of considering sex when studying brain physiology and pathology in cellular and animal models in order to better understand disease etiology and develop novel tailored therapeutic strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.