ArticleBMC women's health2023
Risk of uterine leiomyomata with menstrual and reproductive factors in premenopausal women: Korea nurses' health study.
Article in BMC women's health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fibroids and infertility.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Review
- Integrating reproductive and metabolic factors for uterine fibroid risk assessment: a two-center machine learning study with SHAP interpretability.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- First Australian estimates of incidence and prevalence of uterine fibroids: a data linkage cohort study 2000-2022.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2024Observational
- Association between leisure sedentary behaviour and uterine fibroids in non-menopausal women: a population-based study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Key findings on women's reproductive health: the Korea Nurses' Health Study.Korean journal of women health nursing · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUterine leiomyomata (UL) are benign smooth muscle tumors that may cause significant morbidity in women of reproductive age. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of menstrual and reproductive factors with the risk of UL in premenopausal women.
methodsThis prospective study included 7,360 premenopausal women aged 22-48 years who were part of the Korea Nurses' Health Study. Information on the menstrual cycle and reproductive history was assessed between 2014 and 2016, and self-reported cases of UL were obtained through 2021. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsDuring 32,072 person-years of follow-up, 447 incident cases of UL were reported. After adjusting for other risk factors, women with late age at menarche had a lower incidence of UL (≥ 16 vs. 12-13 years: HR 0.68; 95% CI 0.47-0.99; p for trend = 0.026). The risk of UL was inversely associated with current menstrual cycle length (≥ 40 or too irregular to estimate vs. 26-31 days: HR 0.40; 95% CI 0.24-0.66) and cycle length at ages 18-22 years (HR 0.45; 95% CI 0.31-0.67; p for trend < 0.001, each). Parous women had lower risk of UL than nulliparous women (HR 0.40; 95% CI 0.30-0.53) and women who were aged 29-30 years at first birth had a lower risk of UL than those who were aged ≤ 28 years at first birth (HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.34-0.98). There was no significant association of the number of births or breastfeeding with the risk of UL among parous women. Neither a history of infertility nor oral contraceptive use was associated with the risk of UL.
conclusionsOur results suggest that age at menarche, menstrual cycle length, parity, and age at first birth are inversely associated with the risk of UL in premenopausal Korean women. Future studies are warranted to confirm the long-term effects of menstrual and reproductive factors on women's health.
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