ArticleBMC public health2023
The predictors of unsuppressed viremia among PLHIV: a cross-sectional study in Ghana.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and determinants of virologic failure among HIV patients on ART in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Virology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Determinants of viral load non-suppression among adult HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in public health facilities in Ambo town, Ethiopia: A case-control study.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Clinico-microbiological investigation of factors contributing to suboptimal viral suppression among HIV/AIDS patients on sustained antiretroviral treatment in the upper east region of Ghana.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of hypertension among people living with HIV in Ghana: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Factors Associated with Viral Load Non-Suppression among People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Dili, Timor-Leste.Infection & chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) viral load suppression status and associated factors among pregnant women receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in Ethiopia.Virology journal · 2025Article
- HIV treatment default in sub-Saharan Africa: issues and possible solutions.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The urgent need for newer drugs in routine HIV treatment in Africa: the case of Ghana.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Trends in viral load suppression among HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Asante Mampong Municipal Hospital, Ghana: 2019-2023.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnsuppressed viremia in HIV infected patients is generally associated with increased rates of disease transmission and poor patient survival. This study assessed the socio-demographic determinants of People Living with HIV/AIDS, having viral load non-suppression and who are receiving antiretroviral therapy in a District Hospital in Ghana.
methodsThe study utilized the cross-sectional research design with both primary and secondary data conducted from September to October 2021 in Ghana. Data were collected from 331 PLHIV who were placed on Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) for more than 12 months at the ART centre at a District Hospital in Ghana. Unsuppressed viremia was defined as plasma viral load of ≥ 1000 copies/mL after 12 months on an ART with effective adherent support. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data on participants and a Secondary data was also collected from patients' folders, hospital registers and the computerized health information systems at the study site. SPSS was used to analyse descriptive and inferential data. Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used to assess the independent determinants of viral load non-suppression. Pearson's chi-square test was used for tests giving ≤ 20% of expected cell counts less than five while Fisher's exact test was used for tests giving > 20% of expected cell counts less than five. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
resultsOut of the 331 PLHIV who participated in the study, 174 (53%) were female and 157 (47%) were Male. The study found viral load non-suppression of 19% with age (p = 0.03), income (p = 0.02), employment (p = 0.04), means of transportation (p = 0.02), cost of transportation to the ART centre (p = 0.03) and level of medication adherence (p = 0.02) as determinants of viral load non-suppression.
conclusionThere was a low level of viral load non-suppression among PLHIV after 12 months of active antiretroviral therapy with age, income, employment, means of transportation, cost of transportation and level of medication adherence influencing viral non-suppression. Thus, ART drugs and services should be decentralized to the community health workers' level within the various localities of patients to decrease the economic consequences involved in accessing health care for PLHIV/AIDS. This will minimize defaulting, improve adherence and promote viral load suppression.
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