ArticleDermatology and therapy2023
Incidence Rates of Infections, Malignancies, Thromboembolism, and Cardiovascular Events in an Alopecia Areata Cohort from a US Claims Database.
Article in Dermatology and therapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Skin cancer risk in alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Safety of Baricitinib in Adults with Severe Alopecia Areata from Two Phase III Trials Over a Median of 2.3 Years and Up to 4 Years of Treatment.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2025Trial
- Integrated Safety Analysis of Ritlecitinib, an Oral JAK3/TEC Family Kinase Inhibitor, for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata from the ALLEGRO Clinical Trial Program.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2024Trial
- Circulating MicroRNA Signatures in Severe Alopecia Areata: Diagnostic Discrimination, Pathway Analysis, and Therapeutic Implications.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Article
- Real World Evidence in Alopecia Areata: Current Management, Emerging Therapies and Future Challenges - A Narrative Review.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- The role of JAK3 and TEC family kinases in vitiligo pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Metabolic and Vascular Inflammation in Alopecia Areata: Linking Uric Acid, Lipid Imbalance and ICAM-1 Upregulation.Experimental dermatology · 2025Article
- Patient Considerations when Using Ritlecitinib for Alopecia Areata in Adolescents: Guidance for the Clinicians.Skin appendage disorders · 2025Review
- Rates of Infections, Malignancies, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Death in Individuals with Hospital-treated Alopecia Areata: A Registry-based Cohort Study in Denmark.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2025Article
- Integrated single-cell chromatin and transcriptomic analyses of peripheral immune cells in patients with alopecia areata.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Association Between Scalp Microbiota Imbalance, Disease Severity, and Systemic Inflammatory Markers in Alopecia Areata.Dermatology and therapy · 2024Article
- Alopecia Areata and malignancies: uncertainties clarified by a large-scale population-based study.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAlopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease with an underlying immuno-inflammatory pathogenesis. Treatments can include systemic corticosteroids and immunomodulators (such as Janus kinase inhibitors); these medications may be associated with a risk of some adverse events. However, large-scale observational studies of baseline incidence rates (IRs) of infection, cardiovascular disease, malignancy, and thromboembolism in US patients with AA, including those with alopecia totalis or alopecia universalis (AT/AU), are limited. This real-world, US claims-based study aimed to estimate the incidence of events in patients with AA compared with matched patients without AA.
methodsPatients aged ≥ 12 years enrolled in the Optum Clinformatics Data Mart database from 1 October 2016 to 30 September 2020, with ≥ 2 AA diagnosis codes were included in the AA cohort. Patients without AA were age-, sex-, and race-matched 3:1 to patients with AA. Baseline comorbidities were evaluated during the 12-month period pre-index date. Incident cases of serious/herpes infections, malignancies, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and thromboembolic events were evaluated post-index date. Data are presented using descriptive statistics, proportional percentages, frequencies, and IRs (calculated with 95% CI).
resultsOverall, 8784 patients with AA, 599 of whom had AT/AU, were matched to 26,352 patients without AA. IRs per 1000 person-years among the AA and non-AA cohorts, respectively, were 18.5 and 20.6 for serious infections, 19.5 and 9.7 for herpes simplex infections, 7.8 and 7.6 for herpes zoster infections, 12.5 and 11.6 for primary malignancies, 16.0 and 18.1 for MACE, and 4.9 and 6.1 for venous thromboembolisms. Compared with patients with non-AT/AU AA, patients with AT/AU largely had higher IRs for most baseline comorbidities and outcome events evaluated.
conclusionPatients with AA had a higher IR of herpes simplex infection than the matched non-AA cohort. Patients with AT/AU generally had higher rates of outcome events than patients without AT/AU.
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