ArticlePloS one2023
Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: A versatile approach to enhance the oral delivery of BCS class III drug via hydrophobic ion pairing.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- In Vitro Evaluation of Novel Nano-Sized Colloidal Assemblies Incorporating Hydrophobic Tobramycin Ion Pairs: Enhanced Cellular Uptake with Preserved Antimicrobial Activity Toward Oral Drug Delivery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Oral Drug Delivery Systems for BCS III Drugs.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Predicting the critical micelle concentration of binary surfactant mixtures using machine learning.Journal of cheminformatics · 2025Article
- Review
- Solidification Materials and Technology for Solid Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Intra-nasal Delivery of Quercetin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease: Formulation, In Vitro and In Vivo assessment.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Buccal Absorption of Biopharmaceutics Classification System III Drugs: Formulation Approaches and Mechanistic Insights.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Physical characterization and bioavailability assessment of 5-fluorouracil-based nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC): In vitro drug release, Hemolysis, and permeability modulation.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Article
- Development of a Carvedilol Oral Liquid Formulation for Paediatric Use.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Biopharmaceutical classification systems (BCS) class III drugs belongs to a group of drugs with high solubility in gastrointestinal (GI) fluids and low membrane permeability result in significantly low bioavailability. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) considered a suitable candidate to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs by improving their membrane permeability, however, incorporating hydrophilic drugs in to these carriers remained a great challenge. The aim of this study was to develop hydrophobic ion pairs (HIPs) of a model BCS class-III drug tobramycin (TOB) in order to incorporate into SEDDS and improve its bioavailability. HIPs of TOB were formulated using anionic surfactants sodium docusate (DOC) and sodium dodecanoate (DOD). The efficiency of HIPs was estimated by measuring the concentration of formed complexes in water, zeta potential determination and log P value evaluation. Solubility studies of HIPs of TOB with DOC were accomplished to screen the suitable excipients for SEDDS development. Consequently, HIPs of TOB with DOC were loaded into SEDDS and assessed the log DSEDDS/release medium and dissociation of these complexes at different intestinal pH over time. Moreover, cytotoxic potential of HIPs of TOB and HIPs loaded SEDDS formulations was evaluated. HIPs of TOB with DOC exhibited the maximum precipitation efficiency at a stoichiometric ratio of 1:5. Log P of HIPs of TOB improved up to 1500-fold compared to free TOB. Zeta potential of TOB was shifted from positive to negative during hydrophobic ion pairing (HIP). HIPs of TOB with DOC was loaded at a concentration of 1% (w/v) into SEDDS formulations. Log DSEDDS/release medium of loaded complexes in to oily droplets was above 2 and dissociated up to 20% at various pH within 4 h. Finding of this study suggested that improvement of the lipophilic character of BCS class-III drugs followed by incorporation into oily droplets can be deliberated as a promising tool to enhance the permeation across biological membranes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.