ArticleJournal of neurology2023
Risk and protective factors in Parkinson's disease: a simultaneous and prospective study with classical statistical and novel machine learning models.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of diabetes mellitus type two on incidence and progression of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review of longitudinal patient cohorts.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Pooled it
- Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor use and risk of Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2025Pooled it
- Anxiety and depression as prodromes of Parkinson's disease: prospective findings from the Moli-sani study.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Substantia Nigra Hyperechogenicity Predicts Parkinson's Disease Risk in Patients With Essential Tremor and Undetermined Tremor: Dual-Cohort Longitudinal Evidence With 8-Year Follow-Up and Bayesian Validation.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Prominent role of PM10 in the link between air pollution and incident Parkinson's Disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Association between serum myeloperoxidase enzyme activity and Parkinson's disease status.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Investigating Parkinson's disease risk across farming activities using data mining and large-scale administrative health data.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Risk factors associated with severe progression of Parkinson's disease: random forest and logistic regression models.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Association between family poverty income ratio and Parkinson's disease in adults aged 40 and older: a study from NHANES 2003-2020.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the responsiveness pattern to caffeine through a smart data-driven ECG non-linear multi-band analysis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Blood-based biological ageing and red cell distribution width are associated with prevalent Parkinson's disease: findings from a large Italian population cohort.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- The potential protective role of Parkinson's disease against hypothyroidism: co-localisation and bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSeveral environmental/lifestyle factors have been individually investigated in previous Parkinson's disease (PD) studies with controversial results. No study has prospectively and simultaneously investigated potential risk/protective factors of PD using both classical statistical and novel machine learning analyses. The latter may reveal more complex associations and new factors that are undetected by merely linear models. To fill this gap, we simultaneously investigated potential risk/protective factors involved in PD in a large prospective population study using both approaches.
methodsParticipants in the Moli-sani study were enrolled between 2005 and 2010 and followed up until December 2018. Incident PD cases were identified by individual-level record linkage to regional hospital discharge forms, the Italian death registry, and the regional prescription register. Exposure to potential risk/protective factors was assessed at baseline. Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards (PH) regression models and survival random forests (SRF) were built to identify the most influential factors.
resultsWe identified 213 incident PD cases out of 23,901 subjects. Cox PH models revealed that age, sex, dysthyroidism and diabetes were associated with an increased risk of PD. Both hyper and hypothyroidism were independently associated with PD risk. SRF showed that age was the most influential factor in PD risk, followed by coffee intake, daily physical activity, and hypertension.
conclusionThis study sheds light on the role of dysthyroidism, diabetes and hypertension in PD onset, characterized to date by an uncertain relationship with PD, and also confirms the relevance of most factors (age, sex, coffee intake, daily physical activity) reportedly shown be associated with PD. Further methodological developments in SRF models will allow to untangle the nature of the potential non-linear relationships identified.
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