Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37293238›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in artificial intelligence2023

Human-like problem-solving abilities in large language models using ChatGPT.

Graziella Orrù, Andrea Piarulli, Ciro Conversano, Angelo Gemignani

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in artificial intelligence, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  4. Large Language Models for Clinical Trial Protocol Assessments.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026
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  10. Avatars in the educational metaverse.Visual computing for industry, biomedicine, and art · 2025
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Relation extraction using large language models: a case study on acupuncture point locations.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2024
    Article
  20. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Graziella OrrùDepartment of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Andrea PiarulliDepartment of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Ciro ConversanoDepartment of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Angelo GemignaniDepartment of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Backgrounds: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has seen a major shift in recent years due to the development of new Machine Learning (ML) models such as Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT). GPT has achieved previously unheard-of levels of accuracy in most computerized language processing tasks and their chat-based variations. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the problem-solving abilities of ChatGPT using two sets of verbal insight problems, with a known performance level established by a sample of human participants. Materials and methods: A total of 30 problems labeled as " Results: The study highlighted that ChatGPT can be trained in out-of-the-box thinking and demonstrated potential in solving verbal insight problems. The global performance of ChatGPT equalled the most probable outcome for the human sample in both Conclusions: The use of transformer architecture and self-attention in ChatGPT may have helped to prioritize inputs while predicting, contributing to its potential in verbal insight problem-solving. ChatGPT has shown potential in solving insight problems, thus highlighting the importance of incorporating AI into psychological research. However, it is acknowledged that there are still open challenges. Indeed, further research is required to fully understand AI's capabilities and limitations in verbal problem-solving.

Indexed as

AIArtificial IntelligenceChatGPTmachine learningNLPproblem-solving

Identifiers

PMID37293238
PMCPMC10244637

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.