SynthesisAlzheimer's research & therapy2023
Blood and CSF chemokines in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between cerebrospinal fluid CXCL10 and neurocognitive disorders in people living with HIV: a meta-analysis.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Glutamatergic and GABAergic metabolite levels in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of pteridines in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.BMC geriatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Potential Inflammatory Biomarkers for Major Depressive Disorder Related to Suicidal Behaviors: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Chemokines in Alzheimer's Disease: Early Defence, Late Damage and the Impact of Sex and Infection.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Review
- A 3D Human Neuron-on-Chip Platform to Monitor Neuronal Injury Responses.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Aberrant CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Signaling Reprograms Microglial Exosome Secretion via KIFC2 to Drive Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Pain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Neonatal estradiol influences regional gene expression for early sex-specific inflammatory responses in the 5xFAD mouse model.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- CX3CL1 in Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease: Plasma Dynamics Across Age and Disease Stages.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Common human ALDH1B1 and ALDH2 variants increase neuroinflammatory response to a single ethanol dose in mice.Science advances · 2026Article
- Splenic treg-related immunoregulation in the spleen-brain axis of alzheimer's disease: mechanisms and translational strategies.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Regulator of G protein signaling 10: a critical regulator of chronic systemic inflammation in parkinson's disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- TYK2 mediates neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease brains with TDP-43 pathology.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Systemic inflammation, delirium and clinical progression in mild-moderate Alzheimer disease.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Chemokines CXCL9 and CCL2 in Relation to Cerebral White Matter Disease, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia: The Northern Manhattan Study.Neurology open access · 2026Article
- Melanoma cell inoculation improves cognitive impairment in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Peripheral and central inflammation associated with progressive cognitive decline in dementia with Lewy bodies.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Advances in the multifunctional roles of CX3CL1 in the central nervous system.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Epigenetic dysregulation of transposable elements in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Causal relationship and shared genetic pathways between diabetic kidney disease and cognitive impairment: a Mendelian randomization study.Renal failure · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveChemokines, which are chemotactic inflammatory mediators involved in controlling the migration and residence of all immune cells, are closely associated with brain inflammation, recognized as one of the potential processes/mechanisms associated with cognitive impairment. We aim to determine the chemokines which are significantly altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), as well as the respective effect sizes, by performing a meta-analysis of chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood (plasma or serum).
methodsWe searched three databases (Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane library) for studies regarding chemokines. The three pairwise comparisons were as follows: AD vs HC, MCI vs healthy controls (HC), and AD vs MCI. The fold-change was calculated using the ratio of mean (RoM) chemokine concentration for every study. Subgroup analyses were performed for exploring the source of heterogeneity.
resultsOf 2338 records identified from the databases, 61 articles comprising a total of 3937 patients with AD, 1459 with MCI, and 4434 healthy controls were included. The following chemokines were strongly associated with AD compared with HC: blood CXCL10 (RoM, 1.92, p = 0.039), blood CXCL9 (RoM, 1.78, p < 0.001), blood CCL27 (RoM, 1.34, p < 0.001), blood CCL15 (RoM, 1.29, p = 0.003), as well as CSF CCL2 (RoM, 1.19, p < 0.001). In the comparison of AD with MCI, there was significance for blood CXCL9 (RoM, 2.29, p < 0.001), blood CX3CL1 (RoM, 0.77, p = 0.017), and blood CCL1 (RoM, 1.37, p < 0.001). Of the chemokines tested, blood CX3CL1 (RoM, 2.02, p < 0.001) and CSF CCL2 (RoM, 1.16, p = 0.004) were significant for the comparison of MCI with healthy controls.
conclusionsChemokines CCL1, CCL2, CCL15, CCL27, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CX3CL1 might be most promising to serve as key molecular markers of cognitive impairment, although more cohort studies with larger populations are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.