Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37290970›Full record

SynthesisNeurology2023

Polygenicity of Comorbid Depression in Multiple Sclerosis.

Kaarina Kowalec, Kathryn C Fitzgerald, Amber Salter, Casandra Dolovich, Arvid Harder, Charles N Bernstein, James Bolton, Gary R Cutter, Lesley A Graff, Sara Hägg and 9 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Depressive Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis: Links to Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Functional Ability.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024
    Article
  9. Depression and anxiety in multiple sclerosis. Review of a fatal combination.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Kaarina KowalecFrom the College of Pharmacy (K.K.), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (K.K., A.H., S.H., Y.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (A.S.), UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., C.N.B., R.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (J.B., R.A.M.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C., A.P., H.K.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Clinical Health Psychology (L.A.G.), and Department of Rheumatology (C.A.H.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (F.L.), New York, NY; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.A.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Neurology (J.S.W.), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston. kaarina.kowalec@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-3928-9879
Kathryn C FitzgeraldFrom the College of Pharmacy (K.K.), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (K.K., A.H., S.H., Y.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (A.S.), UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., C.N.B., R.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (J.B., R.A.M.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C., A.P., H.K.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Clinical Health Psychology (L.A.G.), and Department of Rheumatology (C.A.H.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (F.L.), New York, NY; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.A.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Neurology (J.S.W.), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston.ORCID 0000-0003-3137-0322
Amber SalterFrom the College of Pharmacy (K.K.), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (K.K., A.H., S.H., Y.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (A.S.), UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., C.N.B., R.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (J.B., R.A.M.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C., A.P., H.K.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Clinical Health Psychology (L.A.G.), and Department of Rheumatology (C.A.H.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (F.L.), New York, NY; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.A.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Neurology (J.S.W.), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston.ORCID 0000-0002-1088-110X
Casandra DolovichFrom the College of Pharmacy (K.K.), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (K.K., A.H., S.H., Y.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (A.S.), UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., C.N.B., R.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (J.B., R.A.M.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C., A.P., H.K.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Clinical Health Psychology (L.A.G.), and Department of Rheumatology (C.A.H.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (F.L.), New York, NY; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.A.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Neurology (J.S.W.), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston.
Arvid HarderFrom the College of Pharmacy (K.K.), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (K.K., A.H., S.H., Y.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (A.S.), UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., C.N.B., R.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (J.B., R.A.M.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C., A.P., H.K.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Clinical Health Psychology (L.A.G.), and Department of Rheumatology (C.A.H.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (F.L.), New York, NY; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.A.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Neurology (J.S.W.), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston.
Charles N BernsteinFrom the College of Pharmacy (K.K.), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (K.K., A.H., S.H., Y.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (A.S.), UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., C.N.B., R.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (J.B., R.A.M.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C., A.P., H.K.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Clinical Health Psychology (L.A.G.), and Department of Rheumatology (C.A.H.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (F.L.), New York, NY; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.A.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Neurology (J.S.W.), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston.ORCID 0000-0001-8041-3574
James BoltonFrom the College of Pharmacy (K.K.), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (K.K., A.H., S.H., Y.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (A.S.), UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., C.N.B., R.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (J.B., R.A.M.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C., A.P., H.K.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Clinical Health Psychology (L.A.G.), and Department of Rheumatology (C.A.H.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (F.L.), New York, NY; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.A.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Neurology (J.S.W.), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston.
Gary R CutterFrom the College of Pharmacy (K.K.), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (K.K., A.H., S.H., Y.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (A.S.), UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., C.N.B., R.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (J.B., R.A.M.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C., A.P., H.K.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Clinical Health Psychology (L.A.G.), and Department of Rheumatology (C.A.H.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (F.L.), New York, NY; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.A.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Neurology (J.S.W.), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston.
Lesley A GraffFrom the College of Pharmacy (K.K.), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (K.K., A.H., S.H., Y.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (A.S.), UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., C.N.B., R.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (J.B., R.A.M.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C., A.P., H.K.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Clinical Health Psychology (L.A.G.), and Department of Rheumatology (C.A.H.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (F.L.), New York, NY; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.A.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Neurology (J.S.W.), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston.
Sara HäggFrom the College of Pharmacy (K.K.), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (K.K., A.H., S.H., Y.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (A.S.), UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., C.N.B., R.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (J.B., R.A.M.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C., A.P., H.K.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Clinical Health Psychology (L.A.G.), and Department of Rheumatology (C.A.H.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (F.L.), New York, NY; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.A.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Neurology (J.S.W.), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston.ORCID 0000-0002-2452-1500
Carol A HitchonFrom the College of Pharmacy (K.K.), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (K.K., A.H., S.H., Y.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (A.S.), UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., C.N.B., R.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (J.B., R.A.M.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C., A.P., H.K.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Clinical Health Psychology (L.A.G.), and Department of Rheumatology (C.A.H.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (F.L.), New York, NY; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.A.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Neurology (J.S.W.), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston.
Yi LuFrom the College of Pharmacy (K.K.), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (K.K., A.H., S.H., Y.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (A.S.), UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., C.N.B., R.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (J.B., R.A.M.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C., A.P., H.K.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Clinical Health Psychology (L.A.G.), and Department of Rheumatology (C.A.H.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (F.L.), New York, NY; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.A.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Neurology (J.S.W.), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston.ORCID 0000-0001-9933-3654
Fred LublinFrom the College of Pharmacy (K.K.), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (K.K., A.H., S.H., Y.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (A.S.), UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., C.N.B., R.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (J.B., R.A.M.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C., A.P., H.K.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Clinical Health Psychology (L.A.G.), and Department of Rheumatology (C.A.H.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (F.L.), New York, NY; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.A.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Neurology (J.S.W.), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston.
Kyla A McKayFrom the College of Pharmacy (K.K.), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (K.K., A.H., S.H., Y.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (A.S.), UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., C.N.B., R.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (J.B., R.A.M.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C., A.P., H.K.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Clinical Health Psychology (L.A.G.), and Department of Rheumatology (C.A.H.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (F.L.), New York, NY; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.A.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Neurology (J.S.W.), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston.
Scott B PattenFrom the College of Pharmacy (K.K.), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (K.K., A.H., S.H., Y.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (A.S.), UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., C.N.B., R.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (J.B., R.A.M.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C., A.P., H.K.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Clinical Health Psychology (L.A.G.), and Department of Rheumatology (C.A.H.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (F.L.), New York, NY; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.A.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Neurology (J.S.W.), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston.ORCID 0000-0001-9871-4041
Amit PatkiFrom the College of Pharmacy (K.K.), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (K.K., A.H., S.H., Y.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (A.S.), UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., C.N.B., R.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (J.B., R.A.M.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C., A.P., H.K.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Clinical Health Psychology (L.A.G.), and Department of Rheumatology (C.A.H.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (F.L.), New York, NY; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.A.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Neurology (J.S.W.), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston.
Hemant K TiwariFrom the College of Pharmacy (K.K.), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (K.K., A.H., S.H., Y.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (A.S.), UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., C.N.B., R.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (J.B., R.A.M.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C., A.P., H.K.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Clinical Health Psychology (L.A.G.), and Department of Rheumatology (C.A.H.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (F.L.), New York, NY; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.A.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Neurology (J.S.W.), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston.
Jerry S WolinskyFrom the College of Pharmacy (K.K.), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (K.K., A.H., S.H., Y.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (A.S.), UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., C.N.B., R.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (J.B., R.A.M.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C., A.P., H.K.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Clinical Health Psychology (L.A.G.), and Department of Rheumatology (C.A.H.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (F.L.), New York, NY; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.A.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Neurology (J.S.W.), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston.ORCID 0000-0002-8197-2762
Ruth Ann MarrieFrom the College of Pharmacy (K.K.), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (K.K., A.H., S.H., Y.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (A.S.), UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., C.N.B., R.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (J.B., R.A.M.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C., A.P., H.K.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Clinical Health Psychology (L.A.G.), and Department of Rheumatology (C.A.H.), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (F.L.), New York, NY; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.A.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Neurology (J.S.W.), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston.
Johns Hopkins University · US

Funding

CIHR THC-135234
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesDepression is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is associated with faster disability progression. The etiology of comorbid depression in MS remains poorly understood. Identification of individuals with a high risk of depression, through polygenic scores (PGS), may facilitate earlier identification. Previous genetic studies of depression considered depression as a primary disorder, not a comorbidity, and thus, findings may not generalize to MS. Body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor of both MS and depression, and its association may highlight differences in depression in MS. To improve the understanding of comorbid depression in MS, we will investigate PGS in people with MS, with the hypothesis that a higher depression PGS is associated with increased odds for comorbid depression in MS.

methodsSamples from 3 sources (Canada, UK Biobank, and the United States) were used. Individuals were grouped into cases (MS/comorbid depression) and compared with 3 control groups: MS/no depression, depression/no immune disease, and healthy persons. We used 3 depression definitions: lifetime clinical diagnoses, self-reported diagnoses, and depressive symptoms. The PGS were tested in association with depression using regression.

resultsA total of 106,682 individuals of European genetic ancestry were used: Canada (n = 370; 213 with MS), UK Biobank (n = 105,734; 1,390 with MS), and the United States (n = 578 with MS). Meta-analyses revealed individuals with MS and depression had a higher depression PGS compared with both individuals with MS without depression (odds ratio range per SD 1.29-1.38, DISCUSSION: A higher depression genetic burden was associated with approximately 30%-40% increased odds of depression in European genetic ancestry participants with MS compared with those without depression and was no different compared with those with depression and no comorbid immune disease. This study paves the way for further investigations into the possible use of PGS for assessing psychiatric disorder risk in MS and its application to non-European genetic ancestries.

Indexed as

Multiple SclerosisCausalityComorbidityFemaleHealth StatusHumansMaleRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID37290970
PMCPMC10401690
OpenAlexW4379791445

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