ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2023
Risk factors and immunomodulators use in steroid-refractory checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Pneumonitis in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Features, Mechanisms, and Lessons from Lung Cancer.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- [Advances in Radiomics for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-related Pneumonitis of Lung Cancer].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2026Review
- Narrative review of the similarities and differences between immune checkpoint inhibitor- and antibody-drug conjugate-associated pneumonitis.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
- Corticosteroid Taper Duration and Relapse Rate in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Pneumonitis: A Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2026Review
- Risk factors and outcomes for steroid-refractory immune-related hepatotoxicity in locally advanced and metastatic cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Drug-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease in Lung Cancer Patients.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2026Review
- Risk factors and mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Risk factors and mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Interstitial lung disease induced by Toripalimab combined with disitamab Vedotin in upper tract urothelial carcinoma: a case report and literature review.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Review
- Heterogeneity of Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Pneumonitis: A Multicenter Study on Inflammatory Subtypes and Clinical Outcomes.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Expert consensus on cancer treatment-related lung injury.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Review
- Successful Management of Steroid-Refractory Immune-Related Pneumonitis With Mycophenolate Mofetil: A Case Report.Respirology case reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCheckpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) that does not respond to corticosteroids is termed steroid-refractory CIP. We aimed to find risk factors of steroid-refractory CIP and evaluate the management strategies of immunomodulators (IMs).
methodsPatients with CIP were identified between August 2019 and August 2022 retrospectively. Clinical characteristics, peripheral blood biomarkers, and radiologic images were collected.
resultsAmong 1209 patients with solid tumor receiving programmed death (ligand)-1 antibody, 28 patients developed steroid-refractory CIP and 38 patients developed steroid-response CIP. Patients with steroid-refractory CIP had a higher proportion of previous interstitial lung disease (p=0.015) and grade 3-4 (p<0.001) at diagnosis. Otherwise, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), procalcitonin were higher and albumin was lower in steroid-refractory patients (ANC, p=0.009; procalcitonin, p=0.024; albumin, p=0.026). After multivariate analysis, grade 3-4 and higher ANC at diagnosis were confirmed to be independent risk factors for steroid-refractory CIP (grade, p=0.001; ANC, p=0.046). For grade 2 steroid-refractory CIP, additional IMs did not affect the prognosis (p=1.000). However, additional IMs reduced the risk of deterioration significantly in grade 3-4 steroid-refractory CIP (p=0.036).
conclusionsGrade 3-4 and higher peripheral blood ANC at diagnosis are associated with higher risk of steroid-refractory CIP. The use of additional IMs improves the outcome of grade 3-4 steroid-refractory CIP. These results can offer new insights to the decision-making of CIP management.
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