ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2023
Intralesional administration of VAX014 facilitates in situ immunization and potentiates immune checkpoint blockade in immunologically cold tumors.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- The hypoxic ECM and neutrophils in MIBC immunotherapy resistance.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- VAX014 Activates Tumor-Intrinsic STING and RIG-I to Promote the Development of Antitumor Immunity.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2025Article
- Intratumoral immunotherapy prior to cancer surgery, a promising therapeutic approach.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmunologically cold tumors with an 'immune desert' phenotype lack tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and are typically impervious to systemic immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Intratumoral treatment of tumors with immunomodulatory agents can promote local tumor inflammation leading to improved T cell responses in injected tumors. Addition of systemic ICB increases response frequency and immune-mediated clearance of injected and distal non-injected lesions, and this promising approach is being widely investigated clinically. In this work, we evaluate and characterize the local and systemic antitumor immunotherapeutic activity of VAX014, a novel non-viral targeted oncolytic agent based on recombinant bacterial minicells, following intratumoral administration and in combination with systemic ICB.
methodsThe immunotherapeutic activity of VAX014 following weekly intratumoral administration was investigated in multiple preclinical tumor models with B16F10 murine melanoma serving as the primary model for evaluation of immune desert tumors. Mice bearing a single intradermal tumor were used to evaluate tumor response and overall survival (OS), assess changes in immune cell populations, and explore global changes to immunotranscriptomes of injected tumors. Mice bearing bilateral intradermal tumors were then used to evaluate non-injected tumors for changes in TIL populations and phenotypes, compare immunotranscriptomes across treatment groups, and assess distal non-injected tumor response in the context of monotherapy or in combination with ICB.
resultsVAX014 demonstrated strong immune-mediated tumor clearance of injected tumors coinciding with significantly elevated CD8
conclusionsIntratumoral administration of VAX014 stimulates local immune activation and robust systemic antitumor lymphocytic responses. Combination with systemic ICB deepens systemic antitumor responses to mediate clearance of injected and distal non-injected tumors.
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