Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37290429›Full record

SynthesisNutrition reviews2024

Short-chain fatty acids and insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nhan H T Pham, Mugdha V Joglekar, Wilson K M Wong, Najah T Nassif, Ann M Simpson, Anandwardhan A Hardikar

Open access · hybridAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Nutrition reviews, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
13.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.

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  17. Short-chain fatty acids.Nature metabolism · 2026
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19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Nhan H T Phamare with the Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.
Mugdha V Joglekarare with the Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.
Wilson K M Wongare with the Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.
Najah T Nassifare with the School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia.
Ann M Simpsonare with the School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia.
Anandwardhan A Hardikarare with the Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-5587-2090
University of Technology Sydney · AUCamden and Campbelltown Hospitals · AURoskilde University · DK

Funding

Danish Diabetes AcademyDiabetes and Islet Biology GroupDiabetes Research FoundationInternational Advanced Postdoctoral Fellowship 3-APF-2016-178-A-NJDRF Australian Type 1 Diabetes Clinical Research Network 3-SRA-2019-694-M-BJDRF Australia Type 1 Diabetes Clinical Research Network JDRF/4-CDA2016-228-MBJDRFI 1-FAC-2021-1063-A-NLeona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust 2018PG-T1D009Novo Nordisk Foundation NNF17SA0031406
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextThere is substantial evidence that reduced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the gut are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, although findings from clinical interventions that can increase SCFAs are inconsistent.

objectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of SCFA interventions on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). DATA SOURCES: Relevant articles published up to July 28, 2022, were extracted from PubMed and Embase using the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms of the defined keywords [(short-chain fatty acids) AND (obesity OR diabetes OR insulin sensitivity)] and their synonyms. Data analyses were performed independently by two researchers who used the Cochrane meta-analysis checklist and the PRISMA guidelines. DATA EXTRACTION: Clinical studies and trials that measured SCFAs and reported glucose homeostasis parameters were included in the analysis. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95%CIs were calculated using a random-effects model in the data extraction tool Review Manager version 5.4 (RevMan 5.4). The risk-of-bias assessment was performed following the Cochrane checklist for randomized and crossover studies. DATA ANALYSIS: In total, 6040 nonduplicate studies were identified, 23 of which met the defined criteria, reported fasting insulin, fasting glucose, or HOMA-IR values, and reported change in SCFA concentrations post intervention. Meta-analyses of these studies indicated that fasting insulin concentrations were significantly reduced (overall effect: SMD = -0.15; 95%CI = -0.29 to -0.01, P = 0.04) in treatment groups, relative to placebo groups, at the end of the intervention. Studies with a confirmed increase in SCFAs at the end of intervention also had a significant effect on lowering fasting insulin (P = 0.008). Elevated levels of SCFAs, compared with baseline levels, were associated with beneficial effects on HOMA-IR (P < 0.00001). There was no significant change in fasting glucose concentrations.

conclusionIncreased postintervention levels of SCFAs are associated with lower fasting insulin concentrations, offering a beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number CRD42021257248.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Insulin ResistanceBlood GlucoseFatty Acids, VolatileGlucoseHumansInsulinObesityBlood GlucoseFatty Acids, VolatileGlucoseInsulinacetatebutyrateHOMA-IRinsulin sensitivitypropionateshort-chain fatty acidstype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID37290429
PMCPMC10777678
OpenAlexW4379767313

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.