ArticlePloS one2023
Missing data approaches in longitudinal studies of aging: A case example using the National Health and Aging Trends Study.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Criterion validity of brief, comprehensive, and latent measures of intrinsic capacity against frailty, disability, and mortality in older adults.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026Article
- Differences in the Measurement of Comorbidities Based on ICD-10-CM Coding Definitions Using Medicare Advantage Encounter Data and Fee-For-Service Claims.Medical care · 2026Article
- Missing data and imputation in the international studies following the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Frailty phenotype state transitions among older adults with a history of cancer and diabetes.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Racial disparities in longitudinal frailty state transitions among older cancer survivors.Journal of geriatric oncology · 2025Article
- Ethics From the Outset: Incorporating Ethical Considerations into the Artificial Intelligence and Technology Collaboratories for Aging Research Pilot Projects.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Association Between Length of Buprenorphine or Methadone Use and Nonprescribed Opioid Use Among Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder: A Cohort Study.Substance use & addiction journal · 2025Observational
- Longitudinal trajectories of a claims-based frailty measure during adjuvant chemotherapy in women with stage I-III breast cancer.The oncologist · 2024Article
- Longitudinal Changes in a Claims-Based Frailty Proxy Measure Compared to Concurrent Changes in the Fried Frailty Phenotype.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeMissing data is a key methodological consideration in longitudinal studies of aging. We described missing data challenges and potential methodological solutions using a case example describing five-year frailty state transitions in a cohort of older adults.
methodsWe used longitudinal data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, a nationally-representative cohort of Medicare beneficiaries. We assessed the five components of the Fried frailty phenotype and classified frailty based on their number of components (robust: 0, prefrail: 1-2, frail: 3-5). One-, two-, and five-year frailty state transitions were defined as movements between frailty states or death. Missing frailty components were imputed using hot deck imputation. Inverse probability weights were used to account for potentially informative loss-to-follow-up. We conducted scenario analyses to test a range of assumptions related to missing data.
resultsMissing data were common for frailty components measured using physical assessments (walking speed, grip strength). At five years, 36% of individuals were lost-to-follow-up, differentially with respect to baseline frailty status. Assumptions for missing data mechanisms impacted inference regarding individuals improving or worsening in frailty.
conclusionsMissing data and loss-to-follow-up are common in longitudinal studies of aging. Robust epidemiologic methods can improve the rigor and interpretability of aging-related research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.