ArticleChronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.)2023
Inhaled Corticosteroids and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression.
Article in Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of triple inhaled therapy on MACE and cardiovascular events in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- ECG-based risk factors for adverse cardiopulmonary events and treatment outcomes in COPD.The European respiratory journal · 2025Trial
- Article
- The role of COPD and inhaled corticosteroids in major adverse cardiovascular events in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic populations.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Patients with COPD Prescribed with LABA or LAMA: A Real-World Territory Wide Study.Advances in therapy · 2025Article
- The Complex Relationship Between Heart Failure and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The Role of Inhaled Corticosteroids in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk: Seeing Is Not Always Believing.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Prognostic impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on short-term and long-term outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Delphi Consensus Project to Capture Greek Experts' Opinion on the Position of Triple Therapies in COPD: Why, When and to Whom.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Article
- Exploring the Impact of Inhaled Corticosteroids on Endothelial Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Undergoing Pulmonary Rehabilitation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- A Research Agenda to Improve Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- [Comprehensive approach to comorbidities in COPD: expert recommendations].Open respiratory archivesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have reported mixed associations between inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Using updated literature, we investigated the association between ICS-containing medications and CVD in COPD patients, stratified by study-related factors. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies that reported effect estimates for the association between ICS-containing medications and the risk of CVD in COPD patients. CVD outcomes specifically included heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke-related events. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis and a meta-regression to identify effect-modifying study-related factors. Results: Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria and investigated the association between ICS-containing medications and the risk of CVD. Pooled results from our meta-analysis showed a significant association between ICS-containing medication and reduced risk of CVD (hazard ratio 0.87, 95% confidence intervals 0.78 to 0.97). Study follow-up time, non-ICS comparator, and exclusion of patients with previous CVD modified the association between ICS use and risk of CVD. Conclusions: Overall, we found an association between ICS-containing medications and reduced risk of CVD in COPD patients. Results from the meta-regression suggest that subgroups of COPD patients may benefit from ICS use more than others and further work is needed to determine this.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.