ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2023
A crosswalk of commonly used frailty scales.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Frailty Screening Using the Risk Analysis Index: A User Guide.Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety · 2025Pooled it
- Prediction of frailty in community older adults based on machine learning: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Assessing Frailty-Specific Treatment Effect in Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review.Drugs & aging · 2024Pooled it
- Frailty in Parkinson's disease: time to integrate it into treatment decision-making?Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Colon Capsule Endoscopy-Measured Colonic Transit Time Is Associated with Frailty in Older Adults.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Differences in the Measurement of Comorbidities Based on ICD-10-CM Coding Definitions Using Medicare Advantage Encounter Data and Fee-For-Service Claims.Medical care · 2026Article
- Evaluating Frailty Index Integrity: Insights from an International Network Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Perioperative Optimization of Frail Older Adults Undergoing Elective Colorectal Surgery.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Article
- Clinical Outcomes of Switching From Warfarin to Apixaban or Rivaroxaban in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Multidatabase Study.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2025Article
- Biomarkers and Clinical Evaluation in the Detection of Frailty.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Mobility Device Use and Frailty Progression in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Mobility Limitations.Journal of aging and health · 2025Article
- Managing Hypercholesterolemia in Adults Older Than 75 years Without a History of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: An Expert Clinical Consensus From the National Lipid Association and the American Geriatrics Society.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Article
- Frailty and associated healthcare expenditures among patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty.The Journal of frailty & aging · 2025Article
- Incremental healthcare costs of the simple SOF measure of phenotypic frailty in community-dwelling older adults.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a model to predict the risk of frailty in older adults with panvascular disease.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- eFrailty: Making frailty assessment accessible to clinicians and researchers.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Article
- Assessing frailty in older adults: discriminative properties of physical activity questionnaires.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Unleashing frailty from laboratory into real world: A critical step toward frailty-guided clinical care of older adults.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Article
- Frailty in Older Adults.The New England journal of medicine · 2024Review
- Frailty in Medicare Advantage Beneficiaries and Traditional Medicare Beneficiaries.JAMA network open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSeveral validated scales have been developed to measure frailty, yet the direct relationship between these measures and their scores remains unknown. To bridge this gap, we created a crosswalk of the most commonly used frailty scales.
methodsWe used data from 7070 community-dwelling older adults who participated in National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) Round 5 to construct a crosswalk among frailty scales. We operationalized the Study of Osteoporotic Fracture Index (SOF), FRAIL Scale, Frailty Phenotype, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Vulnerable Elder Survey-13 (VES-13), Tilburg Frailty Indictor (TFI), Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI), Edmonton Frailty Scale (EFS), and 40-item Frailty Index (FI). A crosswalk between FI and the frailty scales was created using the equipercentile linking method, a statistical procedure that produces equivalent scoring between scales according to percentile distributions. To demonstrate its validity, we determined the 4-year mortality risk across all scales for low-risk (equivalent to FI <0.20), moderate-risk (FI 0.20 to <0.40), and high-risk (FI ≥0.40) categories.
resultsUsing NHATS, the feasibility of calculating frailty scores was at least 90% for all nine scales, with the FI having the highest number of calculable scores. Participants considered frail on FI (cutpoint of 0.25) corresponded to the following scores on each frailty measure: SOF 1.3, FRAIL 1.7, Phenotype 1.7, CFS 5.3, VES-13 5.5, TFI 4.4, GFI 4.8, and EFS 5.8. Conversely, individuals considered frail according to the cutpoint of each frailty measure corresponded to the following FI scores: 0.37 for SOF, 0.40 for FRAIL, 0.42 for Phenotype, 0.21 for CFS, 0.16 for VES-13, 0.28 for TFI, 0.21 for GFI, and 0.37 for EFS. Across frailty scales, the 4-year mortality risks between the same categories were similar in magnitude.
conclusionOur results provide clinicians and researchers with a useful tool to directly compare and interpret frailty scores across scales.
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