ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2023
Comparative efficacy and acceptability of licensed dose intranasal corticosteroids for moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Symptomatic Interventions for Allergic Rhinitis Without Comorbid Asthma: A Dose-Stratified Network Meta-analysis.Clinical drug investigation · 2026Pooled it
- Rational Allergy Practice Guidelines by the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) and IAP-Allergy and Applied Immunology Chapter.Indian pediatrics · 2026Guideline
- Safety, Efficacy, and Mechanism of Action of Budesonide in Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2026Review
- Supplements and medications for respiratory resilience against air pollution.ERJ open research · 2026Review
- Evaluating the efficacy and safety of Stapokibart (CM310) in the treatment of uncontrolled seasonal allergic rhinitis based on real-world research.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of olopatadine-mometasone combination nasal spray for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2026Article
- A retrospective study on the effectiveness and safety of the combination of intranasal corticosteroid and intranasal antihistamine in the management of patients with allergic rhinitis.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Article
- Long-term intranasal corticosteroids vs. antihistamines and bone health in post-menopausal women with allergic rhinitis: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Association between combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome in children and nitric oxide: mechanisms, clinical significance, and research progress.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Evaluating the impact of acupuncture on perennial allergic rhinitis: A randomized placebo acupuncture control trial protocol.MethodsX · 2025Article
- Diagnosis and management of allergic rhinitis: An Indian expert consensus by otorhinolaryngologists.Asia Pacific allergy · 2025Review
- Where eye meets body part 1: uniting allergy pathways in ocular and nasal disease - IgE on the offense.Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Review
- The Roles of Acetylcholine and Muscarinic Receptors in Allergic Rhinitis: Mechanisms, Clinical Insights and Future Directions.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Review
- In perennial allergic rhinitis, RQLQ is improved similarly by Azelastine 0.15 and mometasone furoate.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2025Article
- Surgical Intervention in Allergic Rhinitis: Stuffy Versus Sneezy Runny Nose.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
No evidence shows that one intranasal corticosteroid (INCS) is better than another for treating moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis (AR). This network meta-analysis assessed the comparative efficacy and acceptability of licensed dose aqueous INCSs. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched until 31 March 2022. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials comparing INCSs with placebo or other types of INCSs in patients with moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data following the Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guideline. A random-effects model was used for data pooling. Continuous outcomes were expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD). The primary outcomes were the efficacy in improving total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and treatment acceptability (the study dropout). We included 26 studies, 13 with 5,134 seasonal AR patients and 13 with 4,393 perennial AR patients. Most placebo-controlled studies had a moderate quality of evidence. In seasonal AR, mometasone furoate (MF) was ranked the highest efficacy, followed by fluticasone furoate (FF), ciclesonide (CIC), fluticasone propionate and triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) (SMD -0.47, 95% CI: -0.63 to -0.31; -0.46, 95% CI: -0.59 to -0.33; -0.44, 95% CI: -0.75 to -0.13; -0.42, 95% CI: -0.67 to -0.17 and -0.41, 95% CI: -0.81 to -0.00), In perennial AR, budesonide was ranked the highest efficacy, followed by FF, TAA, CIC, and MF (SMD -0.43, 95% CI: -0.75 to -0.11; -0.36, 95% CI: -0.53 to -0.19; -0.32, 95% CI: -0.54 to -0.10; -0.29, 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.11; and -0.28, 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.01). The acceptability of all included INCSs was not inferior to the placebo. According to our indirect comparison, some INCSs have superior efficacy to others with moderate quality of evidence in most placebo-controlled studies for treating moderate-to-severe AR.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.