ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2023
A comprehensive review of acute cardio-renal syndrome: need for novel biomarkers.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bioinspired hybrid optimisation and deep belief neural networks for early chronic kidney disease detection: an explainable clinical AI framework.Renal failure · 2026Article
- The Heart-Kidney Axis in Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease: Mechanisms, Mediators, and Therapeutic Implications.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Beyond Creatinine: Novel Renal Biomarkers at the Interface of Kidney Injury and Cardiovascular Risk.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Article
- Early risk stratification of acute kidney injury severity in patients with acute myocardial infarction and diabetes using machine learning.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- [63/m with progressive dyspnea, lower leg edema and oliguria : Preparation for the medical specialist examination: part 18].Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2026Article
- Tectochrysin alleviates Ang II-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy by binding to STING and inhibiting STING/NFκB-mediated inflammation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Distinct clinical characteristics of acute cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) patients: An Indian cohort study for novel biomarker discovery.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Association of longitudinal blood urea nitrogen trajectory with in-hospital and 28-day mortality in acute heart failure with cardiorenal syndrome.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Cardiorenal Syndrome in the Elderly: Challenges and Considerations.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Role of Chloride in Cardiorenal Syndrome: A Practical Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Renal Dysfunction Across the Spectrum of Cardiogenic Shock: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Therapeutic Strategies.Current heart failure reports · 2025Review
- Predictor and prognostic modeling in cardiorenal syndrome type 2: a retrospective study of multicenter.Biomarkers in medicine · 2025Article
- Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) as a Biomarker of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Dogs with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Due to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease (MMVD).Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Machine Learning for the Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: Algorithm Development and Validation.JMIR medical informatics · 2025Article
- Unraveling Acute Cardiorenal Syndrome: Predictors and Consequences in Acute Heart Failure.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- J-shaped association between blood urea nitrogen-to-creatinine ratio and mortality in critically ill patients with acute pancreatitis: a retrospective cohort study using the MIMIC-IV database.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Moderating Role of Anemia on the Association between Blood Urea Nitrogen and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Hypertension.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Central Venous Pressure as a Predictor of Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Correlation between blood urea nitrogen/albumin levels and 30-day all-cause mortality in critically Ill patients with heart failure: a retrospective cohort study and predictive model development based on machine learning.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome represents a wide-spectrum disorder involving the heart and kidneys as the primary affected organs. India has an increasingly high burden of acute CRS, coinciding with the rise in global statistics. Up to 2022, approximately 46.1% of all cardiorenal patients have been diagnosed with acute CRS in India. Acute CRS involves a sudden deterioration of kidney functionalities, referred to as acute kidney injury (AKI) in acute heart failure patients. The pathophysiology of CRS involves hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) following acute myocardial stress. The pathological phenotype of acute CRS is associated with perturbed inflammatory, cellular, and neurohormonal markers in circulation. These complications increase the risk of mortality in clinically diagnosed acute CRS patients, making it a worldwide healthcare burden. Hence, effective diagnosis and early prevention are crucial to prevent the progression of CRS in AHF patients. Present biomarkers, such as serum creatinine (sCr), cystatin C (CysC), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum and/or urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and NT-proBNP, are clinically used to diagnose AKI stages in CRS patients but are limitedly sensitive to the early detection of the pathology. Therefore, the need for protein biomarkers is emerging for early intervention in CRS progression. Here, we summarized the cardio-renal nexus in acute CRS, with an emphasis on the present clinicopathological biomarkers and their limitations. The objective of this review is to highlight the need for novel proteomic biomarkers that will curb the burgeoning concern and direct future research trials.
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