ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants: burden of disease, impact on vaccine effectiveness and need for variant-adapted vaccines.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of ivermectin in the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Neutralizing antibody immune correlates in COVAIL trial recipients of an mRNA second COVID-19 vaccine boost.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Omicron COVID-19 immune correlates analysis of a third dose of mRNA-1273 in the COVE trial.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Immunogenicity, Tolerability, and Safety of BA.1-Adapted BNT162b2 Vaccine in 18- to 55-Year-Olds Previously Vaccinated with BNT162b2 or Who Were COVID-19 Vaccine-Naive.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Assessment of Residual-Serum SARS-CoV-2-N-Antigen Testing for Hospital Surveillance in Germany.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Potent and dose-sparing next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, mRNA-1283, induces polyfunctional and durable T cell immunity.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Recurrent waning of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies despite multiple antigen encounters.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Worldwide SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection: Emerging sub-variants and future vaccination perspectives.Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi · 2025Review
- Comparative spatial-temporal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 lineages B.1.1.33 and BQ.1.1 Omicron variant across pandemic phases.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Combined immunization with SARS-CoV-2 spike and SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protects K18-hACE2 mice but increases lung pathology.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Real-world experience with therapies for SARS-CoV-2: Lessons from the Italian COVID-19 studies.Le infezioni in medicina · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Evolution: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment, Vaccine Effectiveness and Development.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Effect of Homologous and Heterologous Booster in COVID-19 Vaccination.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effect of wild-type vaccine doses on BA.5 hybrid immunity, disease severity, and XBB reinfection risk.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- In-cell bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based assay uncovers ceritinib and CA-074 as SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibitors.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Cross-Section of Neurological Manifestations Among SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants-Single-Center Study.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Design of the conserved epitope peptide of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as the broad-spectrum COVID-19 vaccine.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccination induces robust antibody responses but few adverse events among SARS-CoV-2 naïve nursing home residents.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The highly transmissible Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first detected in late 2021. Initial Omicron waves were primarily made up of sub-lineages BA.1 and/or BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 subsequently became dominant in mid-2022, and several descendants of these sub-lineages have since emerged. Omicron infections have generally caused less severe disease on average than those caused by earlier variants of concern in healthy adult populations, at least, in part, due to increased population immunity. Nevertheless, healthcare systems in many countries, particularly those with low population immunity, have been overwhelmed by unprecedented surges in disease prevalence during Omicron waves. Pediatric admissions were also higher during Omicron waves compared with waves of previous variants of concern. All Omicron sub-lineages exhibit partial escape from wild-type (Wuhan-Hu 1) spike-based vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies, with sub-lineages with more enhanced immuno-evasive properties emerging over time. Evaluating vaccine effectiveness (VE) against Omicron sub-lineages has become challenging against a complex background of varying vaccine coverage, vaccine platforms, prior infection rates, and hybrid immunity. Original messenger RNA vaccine booster doses substantially improved VE against BA.1 or BA.2 symptomatic disease. However, protection against symptomatic disease waned, with reductions detected from 2 months after booster administration. While original vaccine-elicited CD8
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.