ArticleClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR2023
Benzodiazepine Usage, Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Costs Among Older Adults Treated with Common Insomnia Medications: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Sleep Quality and Related Symptoms in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A Pharmacist Consultant Service for Deprescribing Opioids and Benzodiazepines in Older Adults: A Cluster Randomized Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Article
- Sleep disorders in chronic kidney disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed for insomnia management but are often associated with negative safety outcomes such as falls and abuse, particularly among older adults. Objective: The purpose of this real-world study was to compare the impact of benzodiazepines, low-dose trazodone, and zolpidem immediate release (IR) on healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and costs among older adults (age ≥ 65 years) with insomnia in the US. Methods: Using the IBM MarketScan Medicare Supplemental Database, older adults with >1 physician-assigned diagnosis of insomnia and treated with benzodiazepines were matched 1:1 on age, sex, and index-date to individuals treated with trazodone, and separately matched 1:1 on age and sex, to individuals treated with zolpidem immediate release (IR). Between-groups differences were analyzed using general linear models (GLMs) that controlled for multiple confounders. Results: Significant between-groups differences in HCRU and costs were observed such that relative to zolpidem IR and separately relative to low-dose trazodone, benzodiazepines were consistently associated with worsened outcomes. Conclusion: These findings build upon and extend prior knowledge on the negative impact of benzodiazepines and suggest directions for future research.
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Registered trials
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