ArticleEClinicalMedicine2023
The burden of metabolic risk factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990-2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiologic shift and future projections of atrial fibrillation and flutter in North Africa and the Middle East region: A comprehensive Global Burden of Disease analysis.Heart rhythm O2 · 2026Article
- Changing Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Burden in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990-2023: A Joinpoint Analysis of GBD 2023 Data.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Metabolic Syndrome in Middle Eastern Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A High Burden Driven by Cumulative Risk Factors.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- IntestinalJournal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2026Article
- The Predictive Value of TyG-BMI and TG/HDL-C for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Burden of hypertension-related diseases in Eastern Mediterranean region.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026Article
- Telomere Length in Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms, Epidemiology and Clinical Implications: A Narrative Review.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Review
- Epidemiological trends of type 2 diabetes in Middle East and North Africa, 1990-2023: global burden of disease data analysis.International journal of public health · 2026Article
- The Role of Lipid Disorders in Cardiovascular Mortality Among Saudis: A Review Perspective.International journal of endocrinology · 2026Review
- Weight Regain after Lifestyle Interventions is Associated with Higher Risk of Liver Inflammation: A Retrospective Observational Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Dynamic versus Static Metabolic Models for Predicting ECG-Defined Cardiovascular Risk in Elderly MAFLD: A Three-Year Cohort Study.Clinical interventions in aging · 2026Article
- Sleeve Gastrectomy Alters Exosomal miR-497-5p Cargo to Ameliorate Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver by Targeting GABARAPL1.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Article
- Demographic and metabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Iran: insights from a prospective cohort study.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Research Progress on Leptin in Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Fatty Liver Disease.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2025Review
- Factors influencing health-promoting lifestyles in young and middle-aged adults with metabolic risk factors: a network analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Burden of cardiometabolic disease attributable to sugar sweetened beverages consumption in North Africa and the Middle East from 1990 to 2021.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Temporal trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors attributed burden in Iran, 1990-2021.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dynamic Status of Systemic Immune Inflammation Index Is Associated With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: An Evidence From a Ten-Year Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study is to investigate the trends of exposure and burden attributable to the four main metabolic risk factors, including high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high body-mass index (BMI), and high low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL) in North Africa and the Middle East from 1990 to 2019. Methods: The data were retrieved from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Summary exposure value (SEV) was used for risk factor exposure. Burden attributable to each risk factor was incorporated in the population attributable fraction to estimate the total attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Findings: While age-standardized death rate (ASDR) attributable to high-LDL and high-SBP decreased by 26.5% (18.6-35.2) and 23.4% (15.9-31.5) over 1990-2019, respectively, high-BMI with 5.1% (-9.0-25.9) and high-FPG with 21.4% (7.0-37.4) change, grew in ASDR. Moreover, age-standardized DALY rate attributed to high-LDL and high-SBP declined by 30.2% (20.9-39.0) and 25.2% (16.8-33.9), respectively. The attributable age-standardized DALY rate of high-BMI with 8.3% (-6.5-28.8) and high-FPG with 27.0% (14.3-40.8) increase, had a growing trend. Age-standardized SEVs of high-FPG, high-BMI, high-SBP, and high-LDL increased by 92.4% (82.8-103.3), 76.0% (58.9-99.3), 10.4% (3.8-18.0), and 5.5% (4.3-7.1), respectively. Interpretation: The burden attributed to high-SBP and high-LDL decreased during the 1990-2019 period in the region, while the attributable burden of high-FPG and high-BMI increased. Alarmingly, exposure to all four risk factors increased in the past three decades. There has been significant heterogeneity among the countries in the region regarding the trends of exposure and attributable burden. Urgent action is required at the individual, community, and national levels in terms of introducing effective strategies for prevention and treatment that account for local and socioeconomic factors. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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