ArticlePNAS nexus2023
Outlearning extortioners: unbending strategies can foster reciprocal fairness and cooperation.
Article in PNAS nexus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- A game-theoretic attack-defense framework for the study of network resilience.Nature communications · 2026Article
- On the optimal integration of intelligent agents into network systems to steer cooperation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Payoff equivalence and complete strategy spaces of direct reciprocity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Emergence of cooperation promoted by higher-order strategy updates.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Unilateral incentive alignment in two-agent stochastic games.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Dynamics of cooperation in concurrent games.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Conditional cooperation with longer memory.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Properties of winning Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma strategies.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Enhancing social cohesion with cooperative bots in societies of greedy, mobile individuals.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Evolution of reciprocity with limited payoff memory.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Recognising and evaluating the effectiveness of extortion in the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma.PloS one · 2024Article
- A geometric process of evolutionary game dynamics.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recent theory shows that extortioners taking advantage of the zero-determinant (ZD) strategy can unilaterally claim an unfair share of the payoffs in the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma. It is thus suggested that against a fixed extortioner, any adapting coplayer should be subdued with full cooperation as their best response. In contrast, recent experiments demonstrate that human players often choose not to accede to extortion out of concern for fairness, actually causing extortioners to suffer more loss than themselves. In light of this, here we reveal fair-minded strategies that are
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