ArticleImplementation science : IS2023
The POP (Permanent Supportive Housing Overdose Prevention) Study: protocol for a hybrid type 3 stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial.
Article in Implementation science : IS, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05786222 (Permanent Supportive Housing Overdose Prevention), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Permanent Supportive Housing Overdose Prevention (POP) Study: A Hybrid Type 3 Stepped Wedge Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- The permanent supportive housing overdose prevention project.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Mortality among individuals living in permanent supportive housing: A retrospective cohort study.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- "We Have to Evict Certain People Sometimes": A Descriptive Mixed-Methods Study of Service Providers' Perceptions of the Impacts of High-Risk Issues in Supportive Housing and Housing First.Community mental health journal · 2026Article
- Understanding overdose risk and response in permanent supportive housing: results of focus groups with tenants, staff, and leaders.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Article
- Staff views on overdose prevention in permanent supportive housing.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- A community-academic partnership to develop an implementation support package for overdose prevention in permanent supportive housing.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- Using drugs alone in single room occupancy housing: Understanding environmental drivers of overdose risk.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Article
- Radical hospitality: Innovative programming to build community and meet the needs of people who use drugs at a government-sanctioned overdose prevention site in San Francisco, California.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Article
- Using alone at home: What's missing in housing-based responses to the overdose crisis?Harm reduction journal · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPermanent supportive housing (PSH)-subsidized housing paired with support services such as case management-is a key part of national strategic plans to end homelessness. PSH tenants face high overdose risk due to a confluence of individual and environmental risk factors, yet little research has examined overdose prevention in PSH.
methodsWe describe the protocol for a hybrid type 3 stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) of overdose prevention practice implementation in PSH. We adapted evidence-based overdose prevention practices and implementation strategies for PSH using input from stakeholder focus groups. The trial will include 20 PSH buildings (with building size ranging from 20 to over 150 tenants) across New York City and New York's Capital Region. Buildings will be randomized to one of four 6-month intervention waves during which they will receive a package of implementation support including training in using a PSH Overdose Prevention (POP) Toolkit, time-limited practice facilitation, and learning collaboratives delivered to staff and tenant implementation champions appointed by each building. The primary outcome is building-level fidelity to a defined list of overdose prevention practices. Secondary and exploratory implementation and effectiveness outcomes will be examined using PSH staff and tenant survey questionnaires, and analysis of tenant Medicaid data. We will explore factors related to implementation success, including barriers and facilitators, using qualitative interviews with key stakeholders. The project is being conducted through an academic-community partnership, and an Advisory Board including PSH tenants and other key stakeholders will be engaged in all stages of the project. DISCUSSION: We describe the protocol for a hybrid type 3 stepped-wedge cluster RCT of overdose prevention practice implementation in PSH. This study will be the first controlled trial of overdose prevention implementation in PSH settings. The research will make a significant impact by testing and informing future implementation strategies to prevent overdose for a population at particularly high risk for overdose mortality. Findings from this PSH-focused research are expected to be broadly applicable to other housing settings and settings serving people experiencing homelessness.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05786222 , registered 27 March 2023.
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Registered trials
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