ReviewGut2023
Timing of energy intake and the therapeutic potential of intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating in NAFLD.
Review in Gut, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy of dietary interventions for overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The effects of time-restricted eating for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- The impacts of Ramadan fasting for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of time restricted feeding combined with Lacto Ovo vegetarian diet on metabolic associated fatty liver disease management: a randomized clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Non-pharmacological treatment of MASLD.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Ahcy Acts as an Effector of Hnf4a-Driven Super-Enhancer Activation to Alleviate MASLD During Intermittent Fasting.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- TRIM5 integrates hypoglycemic stress and influenza infection.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Intermittent fasting-induced autophagy normalization confers hepatic protection in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: Mechanistic insights and implications.Histology and histopathology · 2026Review
- [Research progress on the effects of time-restricted eating on metabolic associated fatty liver disease].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Review
- Evaluating function availability and user satisfaction with nutrition apps: user-generated content analysis and text mining study.Nutrition journal · 2026Article
- Intermittent fasting inhibits ferroptosis by modulating CD36 and its palmitoylation to alleviate diabetic dry eye.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- Article
- Human MASLD is a diurnal disease driven by multisystem insulin resistance and reduced insulin availability at night.Cell metabolism · 2026Observational
- Sarcopenia and MASLD: novel insights and the future.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Timing matters: circadian rhythm disruption in alcohol-associated peripheral organ pathophysiology.Function (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Alternative polyadenylation mediated the downregulation of lysophosphatidylglycerol acyltransferase 1 in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- Multigenerational daytime-restricted feeding exacerbates irradiation-induced hepatic DNA damage and aging in mice.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Rethinking the hepatoprotective potential of vegetarian diets in dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease/metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: a critical narrative review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Exercise and dietary interventions ameliorate MASLD via the hepatic PPARγ-miR-802-Psmd2 axis.eGastroenterology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a major public health concern and is associated with a substantial global burden of liver-related and cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. High total energy intake coupled with unhealthy consumption of ultra-processed foods and saturated fats have long been regarded as major dietary drivers of NAFLD. However, there is an accumulating body of evidence demonstrating that the timing of energy intake across a the day is also an important determinant of individual risk for NAFLD and associated metabolic conditions. This review summarises the available observational and epidemiological data describing associations between eating patterns and metabolic disease, including the negative effects of irregular meal patterns, skipping breakfast and night-time eating on liver health. We suggest that that these harmful behaviours deserve greater consideration in the risk stratification and management of patients with NAFLD particularly in a 24-hour society with continuous availability of food and with up to 20% of the population now engaged in shiftwork with mistimed eating patterns. We also draw on studies reporting the liver-specific impact of Ramadan, which represents a unique real-world opportunity to explore the physiological impact of fasting. By highlighting data from preclinical and pilot human studies, we present a further biological rationale for manipulating timing of energy intake to improve metabolic health and discuss how this may be mediated through restoration of natural circadian rhythms. Lastly, we comprehensively review the landscape of human trials of intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating in metabolic disease and offer a look to the future about how these dietary strategies may benefit patients with NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.