ArticleScience advances2023
In situ sensing physiological properties of biological tissues using wireless miniature soft robots.
Article in Science advances, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Microrobots for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in the Digestive System: A Review of Actuation Mechanisms, Structural Design, Preclinical and Translational Applications.Micromachines · 2026Review
- The Role of Extracted Free Chains in Adhesion on Soft Gel Surfaces.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2026Article
- Miniature Soft Robot With Magnetically Reprogrammable Surgical Functions.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Cooperative integrated surgical robots for high-performance targeted therapies.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- Liquid Metals for Reconfigurable Bioelectronics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Fully Wireless and Flexible Valves for Multiplexed and Prolonged Intravesical Liquid Release.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Electronics-free soft robotic minitablet for on-demand gastric molecular sensing and diagnostics in vivo.Science advances · 2026Article
- In vivo multimodal neurochemical interfaces for real-time decoding of brain circuit.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Physical Intelligence in Small-Scale Robots and Machines.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- In situ mechanostimulation of biohybrid millirobots for enhanced cell functionality and delivery.Science advances · 2026Article
- Synthetic X‑ray‑driven tracking and control of miniature medical devices.Nature machine intelligence · 2026Article
- Jellyfish-Inspired Ultrafast and Versatile Magnetic Soft Robots for Biomedical Applications.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Robust Physics-Informed Neural Network Approach for Estimating Heterogeneous Elastic Properties from Noisy Displacement Data.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Automated Shear Strength Characterization at Micro Scales Based on a Microrobotic System.Micromachines · 2025Article
- Geometrically insensitive deform-and-go liquid crystal elastomer actuators through controlled radical diffusion.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Bioinspired Intelligent Soft Robotics: From Multidisciplinary Integration to Next-Generation Intelligence.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Toward Wireless Implantable Robotic Systems Driven by Magnetic Field for Personalized Therapy.Advanced robotics research · 2025Article
- Achieving symmetric snap-through buckling via designed magnetic actuation.Science advances · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Implanted electronic sensors, compared with conventional medical imaging, allow monitoring of advanced physiological properties of soft biological tissues continuously, such as adhesion, pH, viscoelasticity, and biomarkers for disease diagnosis. However, they are typically invasive, requiring being deployed by surgery, and frequently cause inflammation. Here we propose a minimally invasive method of using wireless miniature soft robots to in situ sense the physiological properties of tissues. By controlling robot-tissue interaction using external magnetic fields, visualized by medical imaging, we can recover tissue properties precisely from the robot shape and magnetic fields. We demonstrate that the robot can traverse tissues with multimodal locomotion and sense the adhesion, pH, and viscoelasticity on porcine and mice gastrointestinal tissues ex vivo, tracked by x-ray or ultrasound imaging. With the unprecedented capability of sensing tissue physiological properties with minimal invasion and high resolution deep inside our body, this technology can potentially enable critical applications in both basic research and clinical practice.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.