ArticleDevelopment, growth & differentiation1995
Transforming growth factors-α and -β expression in fertilized and parthenogenetic pre-implantation mouse embryos: RNA detection with fluorescent in situ hybridization.
Article in Development, growth & differentiation, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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0 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
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3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-α and -β are expressed in pre-implantation embryos and could play an important role in development. Usually, gene expression is studied using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) but here, we developed a fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure applied on whole embryos that were spread and fixed on slides after hypotonic shock. This procedure allowed a rapid and specific detection of mRNA. For the first time, this technique was applied successfully to TGF-α, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 on parthenogenetic embryos (maternal genome only) and fertilized controls (maternal and paternal genomes). TGF-β1 and β2 mRNA both appeared at the late 8-cell stage and increased in morulae and blastocysts. TGF-α expression increased from the 2-cell stage to the blastocyst stage. Patterns of expression were similar in parthenogenetic and caryogamic embryos, suggesting that no maternal imprinting exists for these three genes.
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