ReviewNature reviews. Clinical oncology2023
Emerging evidence for adapting radiotherapy to immunotherapy.
Review in Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 206 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective Cohort Study of Chemotherapy Plus Immunotherapy Combined With Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Patients With Resectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
A Phase I/II Clinical Trial of NALIRIFOX Combined With Adebrelimab and PULSAR as First-Line Treatment for Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Induction Chemoimmunotherapy Followed by Deescalated Definitive Radiotherapy (IDEAL-RT) in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter, Prospective, Phase II, Randomized Non-Inferiority Controlled Trial
Who cites it
206 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 325 citations in OpenAlex.
- The clinical value of adding immune checkpoint inhibitors to radiotherapy for cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for unresectable, locally advanced, HER2-negative gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Synergies between radiotherapy and immunotherapy: a systematic review from mechanism to clinical application.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Nivolumab plus chemoradiotherapy followed by nivolumab with or without ipilimumab for untreated locally advanced stage III NSCLC: a randomized phase 3 trial.Nature cancer · 2026Trial
- Rescue by radiotherapy and anti-CTLA4/PD-1 after failure of anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with metastatic NSCLC: the phase II RECLAIM trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Trial
- Preliminary results from a phase II trial of spatially fractionated radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy in patients with bulky solid tumors: early evidence of promising efficacy and favorable safety.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Single-cell dissection of persistent tumor antigens in non-responders reveals opportunities for TAA-targeted vaccination after neoadjuvant therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Trial
- Development of the rationale of a personalized cancer vaccine based on the in situ vaccine effect of radiotherapy: a mechanistic study of the POLARSTAR trial.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Trial
- Disitamab vedotin combined with toripalimab and radiotherapy for multimodal organ-sparing treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer: a proof-of-concept study.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Trial
- Combination of pembrolizumab and radiotherapy induces systemic antitumor immune responses in immunologically cold non-small cell lung cancer.Nature cancer · 2025Trial
- Neoadjuvant chemoradiation with or without PD-1 blockade in locally advanced rectal cancer: a randomized phase 2 trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Concurrent chemoradiotherapyof different radiation doses and different irradiation fields for locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A randomized, multicenter, phase III clinical trial.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2024Trial
- Unlocking the therapeutic potential of immuno-radiotherapy: insights from preclinical and clinical research.Oncoimmunology · 2026Review
- Heterogeneous Radioimmunotherapy for Bulky Tumors: A Phase 1 Trial for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Advances in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Tumor-Regional Immune Microenvironment: A Critical Factor in the Design of Radiotherapy-Immunotherapy Combination Trials.International journal of cancer · 2026Review
- Ursodeoxycholic acid enhances cancer radioimmunotherapy by releasing a human-biased FXR-TRIM22-STAT1 immune brake.Cell research · 2026Article
- Immunogenic Cell Death in Melanoma Induced by Radiotherapy, Photodynamic Therapy, or Non-Thermal Plasma: The Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Challenges and opportunities in combining radiotherapy and immunotherapy for localized pancreatic cancer.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
146 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the clinical management of many malignancies but is infrequently associated with durable objective responses when used as a standalone treatment approach, calling for the development of combinatorial regimens with superior efficacy and acceptable toxicity. Radiotherapy, the most commonly used oncological treatment, has attracted considerable attention as a combination partner for immunotherapy owing to its well-known and predictable safety profile, widespread clinical availability, and potential for immunostimulatory effects. However, numerous randomized clinical trials investigating radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations have failed to demonstrate a therapeutic benefit compared with either modality alone. Such a lack of interaction might reflect suboptimal study design, choice of end points and/or administration of radiotherapy according to standard schedules and target volumes. Indeed, radiotherapy has empirically evolved towards radiation doses and fields that enable maximal cancer cell killing with manageable toxicity to healthy tissues, without much consideration of potential radiation-induced immunostimulatory effects. Herein, we propose the concept that successful radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations might require modifications of standard radiotherapy regimens and target volumes to optimally sustain immune fitness and enhance the antitumour immune response in support of meaningful clinical benefits.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.