Observational studyClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2023
A Retrospective, Observational Study of 12 Cases of Expanded-Access Customized Phage Therapy: Production, Characteristics, and Clinical Outcomes.
Observational study in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 58 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 1B Study to Assess Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Bacteriophage Therapy in Spinal Cord Injury Patients With Bacteriuria
Randomized Controlled Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Phage Cocktail in the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Skin Infections
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phage Genomics and Bioinformatics in Therapeutic Development: Evidence Limits, Validation Gates, and Translational Decision-Making.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Bacteriophage Research: A New Chapter in Future Medicine.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Approaching the post-antibiotic era: phage therapy current practices and future horizons.mBio · 2026Review
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- Phage as a prospective arsenal against superbugs.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Personalized Phage Therapy in an ICU Patient with Polymicrobial Pulmonary Infections: a case from a single-arm trial.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Bacteriophage Heteroresistance as a Cause of Treatment Failure in Urinary Tract Infections.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Phenotypic heterogeneity shapes phage resistance and cocktail efficacy inMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Characterization ofPHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Review
- Reimagining Phage Therapy for MDR Pathogens: From Biobanks to Health System Integration-A Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Review
- Bacteriophages: A Long-forgotten Past, or Hope for the Future?Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2026Article
- Discovery and characterization of a novelPHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Steering the course: targeting and exploiting surface receptors in phage therapy.Journal of bacteriology · 2026Review
- Bacteriophage Therapy: Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance Through Advanced Delivery Methods.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Hospital-adapted inhaled phage therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: a comparative pilot study.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Article
- Article
- Multiomics Approaches for Bacteriophage-Based Biocontrol Applications: A Review of Metabolomics, Transcriptomics, and Proteomics.BioMed research international · 2026Review
- Innate immune recognition and immunomodulatory effects of bacteriophages: implications for phage therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 11 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is undermining modern medicine, a problem compounded by bacterial adaptation to antibiotic pressures. Phages are viruses that infect bacteria. Their diversity and evolvability offer the prospect of their use as a therapeutic solution. Reported are outcomes of customized phage therapy for patients with difficult-to-treat antimicrobial resistant infections.
methodsWe retrospectively assessed 12 cases of customized phage therapy from a phage production center. Phages were screened, purified, sequenced, characterized, and Food and Drug Administration-approved via the IND (investigational new drug) compassionate-care route. Outcomes were assessed as favorable or unfavorable by microbiologic and clinical standards. Infections were device-related or systemic. Other experiences such as time to treatment, antibiotic synergy, and immune responses were recorded.
resultsFifty requests for phage therapy were received. Customized phages were generated for 12 patients. After treatment, 42% (5/12) of cases showed bacterial eradication and 58% (7/12) showed clinical improvement, with two-thirds of all cases (66%) showing favorable responses. No major adverse reactions were observed. Antibiotic-phage synergy in vitro was observed in most cases. Immunological neutralization of phages was reported in 5 cases. Several cases were complicated by secondary infections. Complete characterization of the phages (morphology, genomics, and activity) and their production (methods, sterility, and endotoxin tests) are reported.
conclusionsCustomized phage production and therapy was safe and yielded favorable clinical or microbiological outcomes in two-thirds of cases. A center or pipeline dedicated to tailoring the phages against a patient's specific AMR bacterial infection may be a viable option where standard treatment has failed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.