ArticleBMJ open ophthalmology2023
Colombian Ocular Diseases Epidemiology Study (CODES): incidence and sociodemographic characterisation of keratoconus between 2015 and 2020.
Article in BMJ open ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Climate Determinants of Keratoconus: Insights From a Systematic Review of Prevalence.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Keratoconus in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Omics in Keratoconus: From Molecular to Clinical Practice.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Self-reported prevalence and risk factors associated with keratoconus among the adult population of Trinidad and Tobago: a cross-sectional study.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Different keratoconus definitions can lead to substantial prevalence disparities in population-based studies.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the incidence and describe the demographic characteristics of keratoconus (KC) in Colombia using national health registry data between January 1st 2015 and December 31th 2020. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We conducted a nationwide, population-based study using the Integrated Social Protection Information System from the Colombian Ministry of Health, the unique official database in the country. We used the International Classification of Diseases code for KC (H186) to identify the number of new cases of KC and estimate the incidence rates both overall and according to age and sex. We made a standard morbidity ratio map to graph Colombia's morbidity risk of KC onset.
resultsOf 50 372 424 subjects, 21 710 had KC between 2015 and 2020. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all the incidence rates of this study were based on the 18 419 reported until 2019. The incidence rate in the general population was 10.36 (95% CI 10.08 to 10.64) per 100 000 inhabitants. The incidence peak among males was in their early 20s and females in their late 20s. The overall male to female incidence rate ratio was 1.60. Regarding the distribution of the disease, most cases were reported in Bogotá (48.64%), Antioquia (14.04%) and Cundinamarca (10.38%).
conclusionWe performed the first nationwide, population-based study of KC in Latin America, finding distribution patterns similar to those reported in the literature. This study provides valuable information on the epidemiology of KC in Colombia, which is helpful in the development of policies for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the disease.
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